Arms Control
What role did Gorbachev play in arms control efforts?
He was a strong supporter of reducing weapons in all countries around the globe
In which year did Mikhail Gorbachev assume the leadership of the Soviet Union?
1985
What Was the Doctrine that replaced Brezhnev's Doctrine? +100 for why its named that way.
Sinatra Doctrine
What was the name of the political ideology associated with Gorbachev's foreign policy that emphasized openness and transparency?
Glasnost
What does NFU stand for?
No First Use
What was one of Gorbachev's arms control initiatives outside the realm of nuclear weapons and what was its goal?
Chemical Weapons Control: efforts to eliminate chemical weapons globally
What was the main objective of the Soviet Union's military intervention in Afghanistan?
To support the communist government and prevent the spread of Islamic fundamentalism
What two policies promoted by Gorbachev in the 1980s led to increased openness and economic restructuring within the Soviet Union, ultimately impacting European affairs?
"glasnost" and "perestroika"
Which historical event marked the normalization of Sino-Soviet relations under Gorbachev's foreign policy?
Sino-Soviet Summit in 1989
Other than the INF what other treaty was discussed at the 1987 Washington Summit?
START (Strategic Arms Reduction)
What were the key objectives of Gorbachev's arms control initiatives during his tenure as the leader of the Soviet Union? (name one and explain why it's important)
Reduce nuclear weapons to enhance global security and avoid nuclear war.
Ease tensions of the Cold War by improving relations with the United States and other Western powers.
Save money by cutting military expenses and redirecting resources to domestic needs.
Rebuild trust with the international community, especially the United States.
Encourage global disarmament by setting an example and promoting a world without nuclear weapons.
What was the name of the policy introduced by Gorbachev that aimed to restructure the Soviet economy and promote openness?
Perestroika
How did Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost and perestroika impact relations between the Soviet Union and European countries?
Openness, reconstructed economy, and better relations
Gorbachev's foreign policy with China aimed to improve economic cooperation through the establishment of special economic zones. What was the name of the first special economic zone created in China?
Shenzhen
What was unique about the INF Treaty?
It was the first arms control agreement that mandated the actual elimination of an entire class of nuclear weapons.
Name a downfall and success faced by Gorbachev in his efforts to negotiate arms control and explain its importance.
Downfalls: Economic Challenges, Dissolution to the Soviet Union, Distrust and Verification Challenges, Unbalanced Agreements
Successes: Steps Towards Disarmament and Trust-Building Measures
What key decision did Gorbachev make in 1988, signaling the beginning of the end of Soviet involvement in Afghanistan?
The decision to withdraw Soviet troops from Afghanistan
Discuss the role of Mikhail Gorbachev in the reunification of Germany and its impact on European affairs.
Gorbachev's support of East Germany's Release
What term is used to describe the easing of tensions between the Soviet Union and China under Gorbachev's foreign policy?
Sino-Soviet rapprochement
What was the relationship between Gorbachev and Reagan like after the Washington summit in 1987?
They grew more cordial and casual
What was START and why was it important to Gorbachev?
The main goal of START was to reduce strategic nuclear weapons. The treaty placed limits on the number of strategic nuclear warheads and delivery vehicles for each country. START was a significant step toward nuclear disarmament and stability
What impact did Gorbachev's policy of glasnost have on the Soviet Union's involvement in Afghanistan?
Allowed for increased criticism of the war, contributing to public disillusionment and opposition
To what extent did Gorbachev's non-interventionist beliefs affect his Policies in Europe?
-include two policies
-include Germanys Unifications
-Include the "loosening of USSRs grip on Europe
Gorbachev's foreign policy with China emphasized a 'new thinking' approach. What was the key principle of this approach?
Mutual non-interference in internal affairs
What was Gorbachev's response to the explosions at Chernobyl?
It made him more determined to find a compromise and reduce nuclear arms