Ethics
The Nuremberg Code ended unethical research. (T or F)
False
Which style of guidelines is most commonly used in Criminal Justice and Criminology literature? (i.e., name of formatting we follow)
APA
The process of precisely, accurately, comprehensively, and clearly defining abstract ideas is referred to as ________ .
conceptualization
How many levels of measurement are there?
4
Sample
the Holocaust
Government reports are an example of a primary source journal article. (T or F).
False
(primary journal articles = peer-reviewed empirical research, theoretical journal articles & literature review journal articles)
Operationalization is guided by ______ .
The conceptual definition
Which level of measurement contains no ordering of responses, but rather is used to categorize or classify?
Nominal
What are the two sampling technique categories?
Probability and Non-probability sampling
What does IRB stand for?
Institutional Review Board
Abstract
________ occurs after conceptualization and is the process of identifying how each concept will be measured based on the conceptual definition.
operationalization
Likert scales are an example of which type of level of measurement?
Ordinal
_______ is a complete list of the population (or universe) from with a sample may be drawn
Sampling frame
List the 3 fundamental principles of the Belmont Report.
Respect for persons, beneficence, justice
Statements about expected relationships between variables are called ________ .
Hypotheses
After the operationalization of concepts has concluded, researchers then work with _______ .
variables
Letter grades (e.g., A, B, C, D, F) are an example of which type of level of measurement?
Ordinal
Nonprobability sampling
What made Milgram's Obedience to Authority experiment unethical?
deception, lacked the protection of participants involved, the threat of psychological harm, unclear right to withdrawal
After a research question and hypotheses have been established, what is the next step on the Wheel of Science?
Research design
List the 4 basic stages (in order) of moving conceptually from the abstract to the concrete.
concepts, conceptualization, operationalization, variables
Which two levels of measurement is the distance between response categories neither clear nor equal?
Nominal and Ordinal
What type of sampling refers to the process of selecting a sample from a population in which every population element has a known, non-zero chance of being selected?
Probability sampling