Chapter #4
This drug can cost up to $270 for one gram.
Heroin
This president directed $400 million to drug treatment programs.
President Nixon
In this case, the Court decided that regarding a search request and its coercion, it is NOT important whether the search party felt they could leave at any time. Instead, it is important whether they felt they could refuse the search at any time.
Florida v. Bostick
This state was the first one to punish women for using drugs while pregnant.
South Carolina
Almost 80% of people in treatment admitted to taking this drug 6 hours prior to committing a violent crime.
Cocaine
This individual recommended the death penalty for people convicted of selling more than a kilogram of cocaine or heroin.
Former Mayor Koch
This policing style resulted in an increased arrest rate of 500% for this drug.
Marijuana
Who has the best odds of charge reductions in federal court?
Those facing more charges, females, defendants who were non-citizens, and Hispanic defendants had better odds of charge reductions
This person died after drinking Mountain Dew spiked with GHB.
Samantha Reid
This political figure was known for their "Just say no" slogan
Nancy Raegan
This law enforcement operation targeted 1,000 black and Hispanic drug users in one weekend.
Operation Hammer
What is a substantial assistance departure?
When a person facing federal charges aids in the investigation or prosecution of another person who has committed a crime receives departure and reduction in sentencing guidelines (a reduced sentence).
Goldstein proposed that there were three models that could explain the drug-violence connection. List AND explain each of the models!
*DOUBLE JEOPARDY!
1. Psychopharmacological 2. Economic-Compulsive 3. Systemic
Explain!
This drug was sold over the counter!
Cocaine
This case demonstrated that racial bias was present among NYPD stop-and-frisk tactics.
Floyd v. New York
Explain the Focal Concerns Perspective utilized by judges during sentencing.
1.The harm caused by the crime
2.The threat posed by the offender
3.The offender’s potential for reform/rehabilitation
Goode (2012) also proposed three theories for the drug-crime connection. What were they? Explain each in detail.
The Enslavement Model (Goode, 2012) Physically addictive drugs cause people to become enslaved to their drug use Their dependence on the drug requires them to commit crime to earn money for the drugs If the drugs were legal and available, other crime would NOT exist (as a result of drug use) The Predisposition Model (Goode, 2012) Most drug abusers were engaged in crime prior to drug use Similar to the subculture model The Intensification Model (Goode, 2012) Drug abuse accelerates but does not cause criminal behavior.
Explain the crack-cocaine sentencing disparity. Why was it unjust? Who did it affect most?
Know this!
States have opted to punish women who use illegal substances during birth, often with murder and/or neglect charges. For example, one woman plead guilty to involuntary manslaughter for smoking crack cocaine an hour before her stillborn baby was born. Do you believe that we should punish women who abuse drugs while pregnant? What about those that smoke marijuana or tobacco? Those that drink?
*Explain your logic, though this is opinion based. More details=more points :)
Student opinion!
According to the authors, there were three potential reasons why black individuals were incarcerated at higher rates than white individuals for drug crimes.
1.Black individuals use drugs at higher rates than white individuals.
2.Black individuals sell drugs at higher rates than white individuals.
3.Police arrest black individuals for drug offenses in numbers disproportionate to their involvement in using and selling drugs.
Which of these hypothesis were NOT factual? Which was? List and explain evidence.
Know this! *Actually from Chapter #6