Chapter #13
Where was community policing developed?
Michigan State University
Research on policing is most useful for these individuals.
Police leaders
During this era of policing, officers would purposefully vandalize call boxes.
The Political Era of Policing
Overall, which is the most effective type of policing?
Hot spot policing
According to Broken Windows Theory, what causes crime?
Disorder and anonymity between the community members and the police.
True or false: Most crime is random.
False.
When is police force most likely to be utilized?
During an arrest
Qualifications and skills that are required to correctly perform a certain job are known as __________________.
Bona fide qualifications
Provide an example of community policing!
Many examples exist, including Coffee with a Cop program and other initiatives included in the PowerPoint and within the text :)
This type of police strategy is person-specific.
Intelligence-Led Policing
This act requires all institutions of higher education that receive federal funding to record and publish annual information about crimes on and near their campus.
The Clery Act
This type of training reflects military training.
Stress-based training
Which theory supports community policing? Is it effective? Explain
Broken-Windows Theory is said to support community policing and it was developed by Wilson and Kelling. Basically, the idea is that if buildings are left uncared for (and other aspects of the community), that it communicates to others that nobody cares about the area. Thus, it becomes ripe for criminal opportunities.
Some claim that it is actually collective efficacy driving the success behind community policing. Collective efficacy is used to describe the social cohesion and sense of belonging among neighbors, neighbors who look out for their community, and one another.
What is smart policing?
This term refers to the collective collaboration of police agencies with university-level researchers who drive their policy decisions based on the outcome of scientific evidence.
This reformer was influential for his recruitment of college-educated applicants, females, and racial minorities.
August Vollmer
Most citizen complaints against police officers are about ___________________________.
Discourtesy
What is Problem-Oriented Policing? Explain and provide an example of a police department's utilization of this form of policing.
POP is a tool developed by Herman Goldstein and it continues to remain popular today. This encourages police agencies to identify particular problems in their area and work to solve specific problems. It utilizes the SARA model (Explain).
Examples abound and can be found in the PPT (Slide 15) and in the text!
CompStat is a tool used to identify problems that contribute to crime and assign them to a leader within the police agency. The leader is then responsible for working together with their subordinates to solve the problem. However, it has been criticized for being unable to solve the actual problems. This is where Problem-Oriented Policing complements CompStat, as it emphasizes a group approach to solving these issues. In fact, the POP meetings were more cooperative and provided more structural responses than CompStat meetings, which tend to be more combative.
What is the difference between corruption and misconduct? Also, do you consider police receiving free coffee from businesses as corruption, misconduct, or neither. Explain your logic!
Both behaviors are unethical and contradict the police mission, but corruption is usually motivated by personal gain and often, it is of a financial nature.
The second part of this question is purely opinion based.
CompStat was once deemed highly effective, but now some police leaders in NYC are arguing that it should be dismantled. Why? Provide 2 reasons.
-Claims that it led to overpolicing of minority communities (and racial bias). Example: It was partially responsible for the NYPD's Stop and Frisk policy and the racial biases within.
-Claims that it makes police anticipate crime, rather than respond
-Prone to officer/agency data manipulation of statistics (Example: Felonies had been recorded as misdemeanors to make the tool seem more effective)
-Encouraged combative and unproductive meetings between officers and their superiors each week
-Taken together, these and other complaints seemed to erode police trust in the system.