Developmental Theory
Risk factors
What are any circumstances that may increase children’s likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors
the willful (non-negligent) killing of one human being by another
What is murder
3 strikes rule in California
What is after a "3rd strike" a person would have to spend life in prison
Behaviors that induce guilt and/or shame
Shaming
Turning points
Critical life events such as career and marriage, which may enable adult offenders to desist from delinquency
This is the primary difference between first degree and second degree murder
What is first degree is premeditated and deliberate
The decade which marks the beginning of "mass incarceration"
1970s
this process involves using shaming as a part of the reconciliation of the shamed offender with the community
reintegrative shaming
A store of positive relationships in social networks built on norms of reciprocity and trust developed over time upon which the individual can draw for support.
These are four ways in which abuse can be classified as domestic violence
Pet abuse, stalking, financial abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, or sexual abuse
The U.S. continent hold's this percent of the world's population and this percentage of the world's prison population
What is 5% and 25% respectively
The public process of highlighting the offense and the offender
What is a degradation ceremony
Delinquency when discussed in law is divided into these categories
Status offense and criminal
This is the cycle of domestic violence
the use of rhetoric and law to shape what we know now as mass incarceration. Alluding to race without explicitly stating race. "Welfare queen" and "street crime"
What is the "Southern Strategy"
These are the two types of shaming according to Braithwaite
Reintegrative and Stigmatizing
parens patriae
"father of the people"; it means the state will act as the guardian of the child
These are the techniques of neutralization
Denial of responsibility, condemn the condemners, appeal to higher loyalties, denial of injury, and denial of victim
The disparity between grams of crack and powder cocaine that amounted to same amount of time in prison before and after President Obama
What is 100 to 1 but now 18 to 1
This is primary and secondary deviance
What is primary deviance is the initial breaking of a norm but not taking on the label while secondary deviance is when a person takes on the label as a part of their self-concept.