Violent Crimes
What part of the criminal justice system is responsible for carrying out the assigned form of punishment, whether it be fines, probation, jail time, or imprisonment?
corrections
What two minority groups in the United States are more likely to be arrested and are disproportionately represented among the ranks of the prison population in the United States?
African-Americans and Hispanics
Any behavior that violates a social norm and to which people usually react negatively is know as what?
deviance
Please complete the following -
A positive social function of deviance is that can help clarify a society's _____________ and reinforce the importance of following them.
norms
Which sociologist argued that deviance can have positive benefits for the larger society?
Emile Durkheim
Identify the three (3) components of the criminal justice system in the United States.
the police, courts, corrections
What term is used to describe an act that is prohibited by the law and punishable by the government?
crime
Research has indicated that police officers are less likely to arrest minorities than they are to arrest whites.
False (more likely to arrest minorities)
Published annually by the FBI ever since 1929, this report is considered to be the foremost authority on crime data, statistics, and trends.
The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
Please complete the following statement -
If enough people violate a particular norm, then, in this case, deviance can work to promote and encourage _____________ _____________.
social change
Please list which of the following is more likely to be arrested for criminal activity -
1.) age; 2.) gender; and 3.) race and ethnicity
age - 15 - 24 - more likely to be arrested
gender - men more likely to be arrested
race/ethnicity - African-Americans and Hispanics more likely to be arrested
Identify the two (2) major responsibilities of the courts in the criminal justice system in the United States.
determine the guilt or innocence of the accused; and, if guilty, assign some form of punishment
What name is given to the type of crime that is committed against someone simply because of their membership in a certain social category or because of a certain social characteristic (i.e., race/ethnicity, gender identify/gender expression, religion, sexual orientation)?
hate crime
What term is used to describe the belief some have that non-white people are more likely than white people to commit crime?
racial profiling
It is generally believed that what percentage of crime that occurs in the United States goes unreported?
Roughly 66%
True or False -
The United States imprisons more people than any other country in the world.
True
During what legal negotiation does a person agree to plead guilty to a smaller or lesser charge in exchange for receiving a lighter or less severe sentence?
plea bargaining
What term is used to describe the judgment used by police officers to decide whether or not to make an arrest for alleged criminal activity?
police discretion
An important social function of deviance is that it provides many people in the United States with _____________.
jobs/employment
hate crime
Please complete the following statement -
Critics of the criminal justice system in the United States point to the high rate of ________________, which is the name used to describe repeated criminal behavior.
recidivism
This theory of deviance argues that you if you associate with people who are deviant, then it increases the likelihood that you yourself will also engage in deviant behavior (the reverse also holds to be true).
d ___________ a ___________ theory
differential association theory
Please list the four (4) functions of corrections of the criminal justice system in the United States.
rehabilitation, retribution, deterrence, and social protection
Identify the six (6) major categories of crime as identified by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
organized crimes, hate crimes, property crimes, victimless crimes, white-collar crimes, violent crimes
One major criticism of the Uniform Crimes Reports (UCR) is that it does not include which category of crime in its data collection?
white-collar crime