Crime
Any violation of a sovereign-promulgated law counts as a crime for this thinker.
What is Hobbes' account of crime?
Crimes and punishment are both forms of pain in this account.
What is Jeremy Bentham's account of crime and punishment?
Mens rea
What is an intention to inflict some type of substantial harm on another person, on property, or on the government?
The US prison system is illegitimate because it is a continuation of plantation exploitation
What is Angela Davis' account of prison life?
For this thinker, public officials should never show compassion to prisoners.
Who is Heidi Hurd?
No punishments based on retroactively enacted laws allowed
What is Hobbes' theory of punishment?
Lese-majeste
What is the "crime" of insulting the ruler/sovereign in some way?
Once a law has been passed by a ruler, this thinker maintains that the law cannot again be changed except by this ruler.
What is Hobbes' account of crime and punishment?
These actions qualify as genuinely involuntary.
What are actions done under real compulsion or by reason of ignorance?
To void deserved punishment.
What is granting clemency?
Lex Talionis
What is retributive justice based on "an eye for an eye"?
This thinker resisted proposals to have prisoners contribute to society by becoming the subjects of medical experiments.
Who is Kant?
On this account of crime, only subjects can be the victim of a punishable crime.
What is Kant's analysis of crime?
The punishment must fit the nature of the crime for this thinker.
What is Montesquieu's account of punishment?
Felony Murder
What is becoming guilty of murder when a murder occurs during the commission of some other felony?
These laws were enacted after the Civil War to oppress freed slaves.
What are the Black Codes?