Biological
This Italian criminologist is known for his theory of "born criminals," claiming that criminals have distinct physical characteristics
Who is Cesare Lombroso?
This sociologist argued that crime is inevitable and even necessary for society, as it helps reinforce social norms.
Who is Émile Durkheim?
This sociologist argued that crime is a result of the inequalities in capitalist society, where the working class is oppressed.
Who is Karl Marx?
This sociologist argued that working-class youths develop a set of norms and values that conflict with those of the mainstream society, leading to delinquency.
Who is Albert Cohen?
This feminist sociologist highlighted how traditional theories of crime overlook the role of gender in shaping deviance.
Who is Carol Smart?
This theory suggests that criminal behavior may be due to inherited traits or biological factors, rather than social influences.
What is biological determinism?
Durkheim believed that too much deviance could lead to this societal condition, where norms and values become unclear or weakened.
What is anomie?
According to Marxists, this type of crime (e.g., fraud, tax evasion) is underreported and under-punished because it benefits the elite.
What is white-collar crime?
This theory suggests that individuals in disadvantaged communities are more likely to turn to subcultures that provide alternative ways to achieve success.
What is Cloward and Ohlin's Differential Opportunity Theory?
Feminists argue that this type of crime is largely ignored by traditional criminology, even though it is perpetrated primarily by men.
What is Domestic Violence?
According to functionalists, crime serves to clarify what is right and wrong and can lead to these societal benefits.
What are social change and solidarity?
Marxists argue that this group benefits from crime because they control the legal system and define what is criminal.
Who are the ruling class or capitalists?
This subculture emerged in response to economic inequalities, and its members were known for adopting an alternative set of values that emphasized rebellion.
What is the "criminal subculture" or the "gang" subculture?
Feminist criminologists argue that women are often criminalized for breaking this societal norm, particularly in terms of sexual behavior.
What is sexuality or sexual deviance?