Functionalism
This french philosopher argues that the main function of punishment is to to reinforce shared values and maintain social solidarity.
Who is Emile Durkheim?
These are names of two Right Realist Crime Prevention Strategies.
What is Situational Crime Prevention and Environment Crime Prevention
To improve public confidence in the police so they report more crime.
What is public reform?
Crime against the assets of ______, such as theft of property, is punished more harshly than crimes against the ______, such as assault.
capitalism, person
This philosopher states that surveillance is part of our every day life.
Who was Foucault?
This is durkheims justification of punishment which allows "justice to be served".
What is Retribution.
Window Locks and Window Shutters are examples of this situational crime prevention strategy.
What is target hardening.
To identify groups and risk of committing crime and taking action to limit their offending. (starts with an I)
What is Intervention
1. imprisoning lower class neutralises opposition to the system
2. imprisoning some of the underclass remove the "worst jetsam of capitalist society"
3. making people responsible for their action and punishing them allow us to overlook the failings of the system.
Who is David Gordan?
Security firms that control private ‘public’ places such as shopping complexes are examples of this crime prevention technique
What are private crime prevention techniques?
This is one justification for punishing people which Durkheim gives which prevents the criminal from committing further crime.
What is reduction?
When areas are re-designed to make it harder to commit crime.
What is Designing Out?
This researcher found low education and parental conflict to be risk factors linked with crime.
Who is Farrington (1995)?
General Question:.
The primary role of this Council is to issue guidelines on sentencing, which the courts must follow unless it is in the interests of justice not to do so.
What is the Sentencing council.
School behaviour policies, Community groups regulating behaviour, Religious or cultural councils (within legal limits) are examples of this crime prevention technique.
What are informal arrangements of controlling crime?
Name 3 methods to cause reduction of crime.
Rehabilitation
Deterrence
Incapacitation
This method of crime prevention emphasize the role of formal control measures (the police) and is based on this theory.
What is Environmental Crime Prevention based on Wilson and Kelling's broken windows theory.
This philosophy argue that left realists tackle deprivation but they do not tackle the underlying structural inequalities in the Capitalist system which are the root cause.
What is Marxism?
Harm caused or intented to be caused
Culpability of the offender
This is the main cause for controlling crime through local arrangements over relying on the police.
Definition: The breaking down of shared norms and values, leading to individuals adopting more personalised and complex identities and lifestyles.
What is fragmentation of society?
General:
This aim of sentencing seeks to ensure that the court communicates that the offending behaviour is unacceptable
What is Denunciation?
General:
This is a youth sentence which aims to provide youth offenders with education and treatment programmes.
What is reform and rehabilitation?
Reparation, Mediation, shaming and family conferences are all examples of this left realist practice which is to be combined with punishment.
What is Restorative Justice?
1. Discharge
2. Fine
3. Community Sentence
4. Custodial Sentence
Punishment is now about changing thinking and behaviour. For example, prison reform includes these two examples.
constant surveillance of prisoners and educational social skills training to improve their prospects.