Randomness
In a crime scene: introduction or presence of an undesired element, causing impurity or inadmissibility
Contamination
is produced when two objects come into contact with one another, including blood, fluids, hairs, fibers, paint chips, and skin
Transfer Evidence
implies a fact but does not directly prove anything
Circumstantial Evidence
three legged stand used to help stabilize a camera
Tripod
Statements made by a person who believes he or she is about to die, concerning the cause or circumstance surrounding his or her impending death.
Dying declaration
first, pencil-drawn outline of a crime scene; drawn at the crime scene; not usually to scale
Rough Sketch
This type of evidence can be temporary and is easily lost or changed
Transient Evidence
Equipment used to produce visible and invisible light at various wavelengths to enhance or visualize potential items of evidence (fluids, fingerprints, clothing fibers, etc.).
Alternate light source
legal term which describes searching areas of criminal interest and seizing evidence
Search and Seizure
document issued by a legal official authorizing police to search a property
Warrant
In photography, amount of light allowed on a subject
Exposure
consists of eye witness accounts, victim statements and even expert testimony in court
Testimonial Evidence
finished, polished rendition of the rough sketch; drawn to scale; often for courtroom presentation
Final sketch
search method completed by dividing the crime scene into smaller areas or zones, then searching each zone in a systematic manner
Zone search
search method accomplished by searching in parallel lines repeatedly
Strip (lane) search
search method involving moving from a center point outward in circles that progressively gets larger or starting at an outside point and moving inward in circles that progressively get smaller
Spiral search
includes documents, audio, video, or other digital information
Documentary evidence
print or indentation left in or on something or someone such as a footprint or tire print
Impresssion
positioning a light source at a low angle which shows details by creating shadows
Oblique lighting
search method conducted by completing a lane search in one direction, then another lane search in a perpendicular direction
Grid Search
distance between the nearest and farthest points from the camera which focus on the image
Depth of Field
includes objects which can narrow the identity to a specific group
Class evidence
a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation thatdescribes the place which would be searched, what items will be searched and reason for the search
Affidavit
used to gather cells from the inside of an individual’s mouth (DNA collection)
Buccal swabs
Rule that prevents the court from using evidence obtained from unreasonable search and seizure which violates the Fourth Amendment
The Exclusionary Rule