YCJA
The YCJA replaced this earlier youth law in 2003
The Young Offenders Act
This report helps judges consider the unique background of Indigenous offenders before sentencing
The Gladue Report
These are formal statements of the charges against an accused person, typically read aloud in court
indictments or charges
This is the minimum age at which a person is fully subject to the Criminal Code of Canada as an adult.
18 years old
This offence involves the use or threat of force against another person
Assault
Youth records are generally kept for this number of years after the sentence ends
3-5 Years
This person, often respected in Indigenous communities, may participate in court to offer guidance or cultural context.
These legal professionals present evidence in court to prove someone's guilt
Crown Prosecutor
Planning a crime, even if it is never committed, is known as this offence
Conspiracy
This must be read to an accused person upon arrest
Charter rights or the right to remain silent
This is the main goal of the YCJA when dealing with young people
Rehabilitation and Reintegration
These community-based justice methods, sometimes used in Indigenous courts, focus on restoring harmony
Restorative Justice
These courts handle most criminal and civil cases in Canada
Provinicial Court
This type of sentence is served in the community, often with electronic monitoring
This is a court order to appear in court
What is a summons or subpoena
This document must be considered by the judge when sentencing a youth
Pre-Sentence Report
This systemic issue contributes to bias in policing and sentencing.
Systemic Racism
This type of court hears appeals from lower courts and can overturn or uphold previous decisions
The Court of Appeal
This is the usual portion of a sentence an inmate must serve before becoming eligible for full parole
one-third
This term refers to a trial where the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a more lenient sentence.
Plea Bargain
A youth can be sentenced as an adult under the YCJA for this type of offence
Serious Violent Offence
What are the root cause(s) of Indigenous incarceration related to family separation policies.
residential school system or the Sixties Scoop
This Canadian program allows offenders to avoid a criminal record by participating in programs aimed at rehabilitation, such as community service or counseling
diversion program
This type of offence is the most serious and includes crimes like murder
Indictable offence
This is the most commonly reported crime in Canada
What is theft (or theft under $5,000)