Amendments
This amendment guarantees your right to effective counsel when charged with a crime.
6th amendment
If a jury is unable to agree, it's called this.
Hung Jury
To stop someone and detain them for questioning, an officer must establish this burden of proof. It's the lowest level.
Reasonable Suspicion
Furman v. Georgia (1972) The Supreme Court ruled that what was unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment, emphasizing that it was not inherently cruel and unusual.
The Death Penalty
This burden of proof must be met at the time of arrest, in front of a magistrate, during a preliminary hearing, and by the grand jury.
Probable Cause
Gideon used the 5th Amendment in an attempt to argue that re-trying someone for the same offense is this.
Double Jeopardy
Waiving your right to a jury trial and appearing before only a judge is this type of trial.
Bench Trial
The founder of modern policing is widely recognized as this person
Sir Robert Peel
This famous U.S. case established the principle of judicial review, empowering U.S. courts to declare laws unconstitutional.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
This amendment gives people the right to be secure in their person, houses, papers, etc., and against unreasonable searches
4th
This type of examination occurs when a defense attorney tries to discredit the prosecution's witness.
Cross Examination
In colonial America, this type of community member was often appointed to keep the peace before formal police forces existed.
The constable
This famous U.S. case established that suspects must be informed of their rights to remain silent and to have an attorney before custodial interrogation, creating the foundation for the "Miranda warning."
Miranda v. Arizona
This is the burden of proof for a conviction in a criminal case. It is the highest standard.
Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
This amendment says that the power that is not given to the us government is given to the people or states
10th amendment
This is the negotiation between the prosecutor and the defense attorney in which they reach an agreement to avoid trial.
Plea Bargain
Modern Policing began with the formation of the London Metropolitan Police Act in what year?
1829
this landmark U.S. Supreme Court case established the right to counsel for defendants in criminal cases who cannot afford an attorney.
Gideon v. Wainwright
This amendment guarantees your right to due process.
14th amendment
This is the burden of proof in a civil case.
Preponderance of the Evidence
This U.S. city established the first organized municipal police department in 1838.
Boston?
In the United States, capital punishment for juveniles existed until March 2, 2005, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional in what landmark case?
Roper v. Simmons