DRUG POLICY
During which decade did drug enforcement intensify in the United States, according to the presentation?
The 1980s.
What were Jim Crow laws designed to enforce?
Racial segregation and discrimination, specifically against Black Americans.
According to the Punishment Beyond Prison slide, approximately how many people are on parole?
536,000.
What was the primary goal of the juvenile justice system?
Rehabilitation.
What is probation?
Community-based supervision that requires a person to follow conditions and report to a supervising officer. No jail time.
What is the term for efforts to reduce the supply of illegal drugs?
Drug interdiction.
Name one method historically used to prevent Black Americans from voting under Jim Crow.
Poll taxes or literacy tests.
What are the two main forms of community supervision discussed?
Probation and parole.
Name one way the juvenile justice system can help young people avoid future offending.
Early intervention, family and community support, or skill-building.
What is parole?
Conditional release from prison with ongoing supervision to a parole officer.
What approach to addressing substance use received less funding as enforcement became a priority?
Prevention and treatment.
How can a criminal record create barriers even after someone has completed their sentence?
It can limit access to employment, housing, and voting rights.
According to The Whole Pie 2026, what question should we ask when looking at mass incarceration?
Are we counting everyone who is confined, or only the people we picture in a physical prison?
What is one example of harmful or abusive treatment reported in juvenile facilities?
Staff breaking young people’s fingers, smearing feces on them, or using solitary confinement as punishment.
According to the 2026 Punishment Beyond Prison slide, approximately how many people are on probation?
3 million people.
According to the presentation, what did Jerome Miller highlight about the consequences of arrest records?
They could limit employment opportunities and reinforce cycles of disadvantage.
According to Michelle Alexander's argument, what does the term The New Jim Crow describe?
How mass incarceration and its consequences can reinforce racial exclusion and inequality.
Name two alternatives or reforms presented on the prison reform slide.
Education, job training, rehabilitation, reentry support, alternatives to incarceration, or more humane correctional environments.
What is the school discipline term we discussed when punishment and exclusion can contribute to involvement in the justice system?
The school-to-prison pipeline.
According to the presentation, what question does the growth of probation and parole raise about the criminal justice system?
Are probation and parole helping people rebuild their lives, or creating additional pathways back to incarceration?
A policy focuses heavily on arresting people for drug offenses but invests little in treatment. What central question does this raise?
Whether the policy is addressing the underlying problem or only focusing on its consequences.
How can school discipline connect to the broader racial disparities discussed?
Disproportionate suspensions and exclusions can increase some students' exposure to the juvenile justice system and create additional barriers to opportunity.
The presentation asks whether probation and parole help people rebuild their lives or create pathways back to incarceration. What is one factor that could influence the outcome?
Whether people have access to support and resources that help them meet supervision requirements and successfully reenter their communities.
The school discipline slide asks how schools can hold students accountable without pushing them out of the classroom. Give one approach.
Use supportive interventions, address underlying needs, and focus on rehabilitation rather than relying only on punishment.
What three groups or figures does your Punishment Beyond Prison slide highlight to show the reach of correctional control?
Approximately 5.5 million people under correctional control, 3 million on probation, and 536,000 on parole.