Theories
These two theories that fall under "Crime as a Product of Choice"
1. Deterrence/Rational Choice Theory
2. Routine Activities Theory
This Amendment protects you from self incrimination
The 5th Amendment
This word means taking someone or something into the law's custody
Seizure
This is what a judge signs the bottom of to allow officers to search a premise for contraband/evidence
Search Warrant
These are the 3 things that occur at the same time when crime is committed according to the Routine Activities Theory
1. Motivated offender is present
2. Capable guardian is absent
3. Vulnerable targets are present
This theory states that punishment is effective if it is swift, certain and outweighs the pleasure an offender can get for committing the crime
Deterrence Theory
This amendment outlines the rights a person has when they're accused of a crime
6th Amendment
Examining or inspecting an area or a person for evidence
Search
An officer must be able to articulate this, which is the facts a reasonable person is given and would be able to conclude that suspicious/criminal behavior is going on
Reasonable suspicion
These are the two types of deviance according to the Labeling Theory
1. Primary deviance
2. Secondary deviance
These 2 theories fall under "Crime as a product of cognitive processes"
1. Learning Theory
2. Labeling Theory
Terry v. Ohio
This is facts or apparent facts that allow for reasonable conclusion that a crime has been committed
Probable Cause
These are the 3 Arrest Powers
1. Use Force
2. Search
3. Exercise seizure and restraint
These are the 3 sources of strain according to the General Strain Theory
1. Failure to meet society's valued goals
2. Removal of a positive stimulus
3. Exposure to a negative stimulus
These four theories fall under the "Crime as a Social Psychological Factors" framework
1. Life Course Theory
2. General Strain Theory
3. Social Control Theory
4. Self-Control Theory
This case allowed for a police officer to lawfully shoot someone running away if they believe they can pose a threat to the public
Tennessee v. Garner
This type of search does not require a warrant or probable cause and also waives a person's 4th Amendment rights
Consent Search
These are the 5 Investigative Powers police have
1. Stop
2. Frisk
3. Order someone out of a car
4. Question
5. Detain
This is the theory that suggests why people become victims based on the life choices they make
The 5 theoretical frameworks are
1. Crime as a product of choice
2. Crime as a product of biological factors
3. Crime as a product of social factors
4. Crime as a product of social psychological factors
5. Crime as a product of cognitive processes
This court case resulted in the plain view doctrine following the finding of an automobile victim's ID in the stolen car
Harris v. United States (1968)
This phrase refers to evidence that is obtained through an illegal search
"Fruit of the Poisonous Tree"
Searches that occur during stop and frisk, incident to lawful arrest, special needs beyond normal purposes, exigent circumstances, automobile searches and consent searches are called...
Warrantless Searches
This subcultural theory states that opportunity and skills are needed to commit delinquent acts
Differential Opportunity Theory