The concept of latent traits is used to explain the flow of crime over the life cycle.
What is true
100
Latent traits do not remain stable over time.
What is false
100
Latent trait theories hold that human development is controlled by a “master trait” present at birth or
soon after.
What is true
100
According to learning theories, even corporate executives may be exposed to pro-criminal
definitions and learn to neutralize moral constraints.
What is true
100
According to the conflict view, crime is defined by those in power.
What is true
200
To a structural criminologist, the law is designed to keep the communist system operating
efficiently.
What is false
200
According to critics, conflict criminology unfairly neglects the capitalist systems efforts to regulate
itself.
What is true
200
Developmental theories are inherently multidimensional, suggesting that criminality has multiple
roots.
What is true
200
The educational process and adolescent school achievement have been linked to criminality.
What is true
200
Social control theory suggests that people learn techniques and attitudes of crime from close
relationships with criminal peers.
What is false
300
Instrumental Marxists believe that the legal system supports the workers at the expense of the
owners.
What is false
300
Left realism’s view of crime causation closely resembles the cultural deviance approach.
What is false
300
DAILY DOUBLE
According to latent trait theory, the propensity to commit crime is unstable, but the opportunity to
commit crime remains stable over time.
a. True
b. False
What is false
300
Sutherland believed that crime was a function of the social structure.
What is false
300
Latent trait theories assume that some people have a physical or psychological trait that makes
them prone to committing crime.
What is true
400
Critical theory research uses statistics to prove that capitalism causes crime.
What is false
400
Instrumentalists view criminal law and the criminal justice system solely as an instrument for
controlling the poor, have-not members of society; the state is the tool of capitalists.
What is true
400
In their general theory of crime, Gottfredson and Hirschi consider the criminal offender and the
criminal act as separate concepts.
What is true
400
Some critics argue that the general theory of crime is tautological.
What is true
400
Another name for social reaction theory is labeling theory.
What is true
500
Structural Marxists disagree with the view that the relationship between law and capitalism is
unidirectional, always working for the rich and against the poor.
What is true
500
Empirical research confirms that economic downturns are indeed linked to both crime rate
increases and government activities such as passing anticrime legislation.
What is true
500
Latent traits should affect the behavioral choices of all people equally, regardless of their gender or
personal characteristics.
What is true
500
According to Hagan and his associates, within the paternalistic home, mothers are expected to
control the behavior of their daughters while granting greater freedom to sons.
What is true
500
A major premise of social reaction theory is that the law is differentially constructed and applied,
depending on the offenders.