The Criminal Justice System
The three criminal justice system components
Law enforcement, courts, corrections
The oldest national crime data collection effort and database
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
Relatively common and serious involving a victim and offender coming into contact in space and time
Street Crimes
The Father of American policing who argued for better pay, training, and education for officers
August Vollmer
What is the case that led to the insanity defense in England?
Daniel M'Naghten 1843
The courts perform this function
Interpret and apply the law
The survey conducted over the year in person and on the phone with the goal of gathering data on victimization and unreported crimes
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
Motor vehicle, burglary, and property theft are crimes far more common than violent street crimes.
What is property crimes
An organization who's goals are to advance science and technology in police work, foster cooperation, and promotes best practices.
International Association of Chiefs of Police
These are some areas of police-citizen conflict
tasks of police, use of force, corruption, racial and ethnic differences
The number people under correctional supervision in the United States
About 7 million
The type of crime where over three-fourths of victims are male and primarily intra-racial
Murder
Illegal behavior that does not theoretically directly affect another individual
Victimless crime
The backbone of all police agencies, responsible for preventing crime, apprehending suspects, and assisting community members
Patrol
Restrictions on discretion have been proposed to do what to law enforcement
Minimize potential effects of officer bias on police behavior
The Latin phrase for behavior that is immoral and inherently wrong by nature
Mala en se
The group represented with the highest rates in the criminal justice system
Black, non-Hispanic males
Behavior that is prohibited by law, changes over time
Mala Prohibita
Key aspects of policing subculture
Secrecy, group solidarity, violence, cynicism, masculinity, authoritarianism, and isolation
Where are canine sniffs primarily used
Mostly motor vehicle stops, but less frequently residences
The blood alcohol content formally acceptable, but has since been increasingly criminalized
0.15%
Crimes that are illegal when only committed by minors
Status offenses
Theory that views temptation and opportunity as keys to understanding criminality because criminals are goal-oriented and weigh the risk of committing the crime with the potential benefit.
Rational Choice
This case ruled that an officer might stop and frisk a person based on reasonable suspicion.
Terry V Ohio (1968)
This plays an important role in determining the extent to which certain techniques are viewed as acceptable during interrogations.
Individual personality traits