Intro to CJ
A police officer can gather evidence without a warrant when it is clearly visible. This is known as a
What is a plain-view search?
Expected, “normal” behavior in a society
What are social norms?
The geographic limits of responsibility and authority for legitimate duties of law enforcement agencies and officers
What is jurisdiction?
Taking a person into police custody.
What is arrest?
The act of trying a person twice for the same crime.
What is double jeopardy?
The original ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution added to protect the rights of every citizen are commonly known as the
What is the bill of rights?
Social norms that are enforced through family, school, religion, etc.
What are informal sanctions?
The federal agency with the responsibility to enforce controlled substance laws in the US and even internationally.
What is the DEA?
When police arrest a suspect, they are allowed to search the suspect’s person and belongings he or she has with him or her.
What is search incident to arrest?
The fact that the sentences for people who go to trial have grown harsher relative to sentences to those who agree to a plea.
What is trial penalty?
The “Criminal Justice Funnel” suggests that most criminal cases
What is never make it to formal trial?
The recording of an arrest by police to establish the identity of the person and charges the individual with a specific violation of law (recording of name, charge, prints, photograph, etc.)
What is booking?
A policing program or philosophy centered on crime prevention, the quality of life in a community and alternatives to arrest for solving problems
What is Community Policing
The court can force someone to testify if there is reason to believe they saw the crime occur or they have critical testimony in the case.
What is material witness rule?
A pretrial activity that involves the negotiation between defendant and prosecutor for a plea of guilty, which can lead to a reduced, or dismissal of some charges.
What is a plea bargain?
The right of police to search without a warrant when failure to do so threatens the public is called
What is the public safety exception?
Model designed with protection of victim’s rights and fighting crime as its focus.
What is crime control model?
Strict enforcement of all laws in a specified or targeted area, including stopping and contacting people for minor violations.
What is Zero-Tolerance Strategy?
Prohibits the use of evidence or testimony at trial if the evidence or information was obtained by police in violation of the 4th or 5th Amendments
What is the Exclusionary Rule?
Administrative court rules governing the admissibility of evidence at a trial
What is Rules of Evidence?
One of the important goals of the American criminal justice system is to maintain a balance between
What is individual rights and social control / order?
Model designed with the protection of the accused criminal’s rights as its focus, protecting against possible government abuse of power.
What is due process?
A probationary period for police academy graduates to train in the community under direct supervision of a veteran (experienced) officer.
What is a Field Training Program?
Police may search a vehicle without a warrant according to this doctrine if they have probable cause to believe a crime has been committed and evidence could be lost if the vehicle is released.
What is the Carroll Doctrine?
The power of a prosecutor to decide whether to charge a defendant and what the charges will be.
What is Prosecutorial discretion?