Criminal
an official in a court of law who keeps order, a police officer working in a court
Baliff
the taking of property from another to deprive a person of its use
Theft
is when police temporarily detain somebody and pat down their outer clothing
Stop and Frisk
The most common summonses issued by law enforcement
Parking Violations
an officer may conduct a warrantless search of the arrestee’s person and the area within the arrestee’s immediate control
Search Incident to Arrest
Also known as lethal force, force that is likely to cause serious bodily injury or death to another person
Deadly Force
the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship
Bill of Rights
is a text designed to stimulate and assist U.S. state legislatures to update and standardize the penal law of the United States of America
Model Penal Code
states that evidence obtained illegally may not be used by the government
Exclusionary Rule
that vehicles may be searched without warrants if the officer undertaking the search has probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains contraband
Carroll v United States
medically qualified public officer whose duty is to investigate deaths occurring under unusual or suspicious circumstances, to perform post mortems, and to initiate inquests
Medical Examiner
are searches made by U.S. law enforcement personnel based on the consent of the individual whose person or property is being searched
Consent Search
is a brief detention of a person by police on reasonable suspicion of involvement in criminal activity but short of probable cause to arrest
Terry Stop
protects against unreasonable searches and seizures by law enforcement personnel
Fourth Amendment
an officer who has a right to be in the position to have that view are subject to seizure without a warrant
Plain View
sufficient reason based upon known facts to believe a crime has been committed or that certain property is connected with a crime
Probable Cause
aggressive pressure or intimidation towards a person
Harassment
is defined by a set of factual circumstances that would lead a reasonable police officer to believe criminal activity is occurring
Reasonable Suspicion
was a decision by the United States Supreme Court which held that the Fourth Amendment prohibition on unreasonable searches and seizures is not violated when a police officer stops a suspect on the street and frisks him or her without probable cause to arrest
Terry v Ohio
Doctrine said that federal authorities were allowed to use “tainted” evidence obtained by state police officers seized thru unreasonable searches and seizures, provided that the evidence was obtained without federal participation and was turned over to federal officers
Silver Platter Doctrine
a person who takes shorthand notes in court
Stenographer
the mental element of a person's intention to commit a crime
Mens rea
is a written invitation to appear in Court while an arrest necessarily means that the individual was incarcerated prior to being issued a complaint and released on bail or on his or her own recognizance
Summons
A warrantless search is permitted when probable cause to search exists and officers reasonably believe that contraband or other evidence may be destroyed or removed before a search warrant could be obtained
is a legal doctrine providing an exemption to the exclusionary rule.
Good Faith Doctrine