Inchoate Crimes
Jake and Jill form an agreement to commit an armed robbery. As a result, they have committed this crime
Conspiracy
The MPC recognizes this defense when a defendant does not know the law
Mistake of law
This individual is generally not entitled to claim self-defense
Aggressor
This is the verdict given to someone who successfully argues their insanity defense
Not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI)
Prior to trial, the defense is required to notify the prosecution of this
That the defendant will be relying on a particular defense
A specific intent that another individual commit a crime is the mens rea of this crime
Solicitation
This defense can be used in those instances when the defendant’s mistake results in a lack of criminal intent
Mistake of fact
Individuals must possess this to justify that force is/was required to defense themselves
Reasonable belief
Defendants using a defense of insanity claim that they were unable to form this for the crime
Mens rea
Thinking behind the refusal of this defense is that the defendant voluntarily created a situation in which they were unable to form a specific intent
Voluntary intoxication
Conviction of inchoate crimes requires these two things
Specific intent/purpose to accomplish a crime and an act to carry out the purpose
______ defenses are defenses in which the defendant typically possesses the burden of production as well as the burden of persuasion
Affirmative
This central component of self-defense states that the level of force used to defend must be equivalent to the level of threat
Proportionality
Experts cite these three reasons for why we have the insanity defense
Free will, theories of punishment, and humanitarianism
The law of self-defense is based on this principle
Necessity
This is based on the requirement that both parties to a conspiracy intentionally enter an agreement to commit the crime that is the objective of the conspiracy
Plurality requirement
Defenses to acts that deserve condemnation but the defendant is not held criminally responsible due to a personal disability such as infancy or insanity are called this
Excuses
Someone claiming self-defense must reasonably believe that the threatened harm is this
Imminent
This test is also known as the third branch of M'Naghten
Irresistible impulse test
Inchoate crimes are also referred to as these types of crimes
Beginning crimes
This provides that an agreement by two persons to commit a crime that requires the voluntary and cooperative action of two persons cannot constitute a conspiracy
Wharton's Rule
Involuntary intoxication can occur in any of these four ways
Duress, mistake, fraud, medication
Although now generally abandoned, this rule required individuals choosing to intervene to "stand in the shoes" of the person they were assisting
Alter ego rule
Clear and convincing evidence
This defense recognizes that an individual has the right to demonstrate they were unable to form intent and should be held responsible for a lesser offense
Diminished capacity