Stop and Frisk I
Terry v. Ohio
Tennessee v. Garner
Cannot use deadly force to arrest a non-deadly fleeing subject.
Pennsylvania v. Mimms
Police officer can order driver and passengers out of the car without suspicion.
Brendlin v. California
Passenger in car has standing to contest the stop.
Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court
Stop and identify statutes are constitutional, but implicate 1st and 5th amendment privileges.
Sibron v. New York
Officer frisked a dude who was drug dealing in a restaurant when he left. Said he didn't have any fear. Court said frisk was unreasonable (lacked reasonable suspicion?!?!).
J.M. Case
Officer boarded bus to gain consent to search luggage of a 14-year-old child. Court said a reasonable person would feel free to disregard the police and go about their business so the interrogation and request for consent to search is ok (court has not watched many youtube videos of cops beating down those who disagree apparently).
Ohio v. Robinette
After a traffic citation, the police can still ask the driver's consent to search the car. Doesn't have to tell the driver that the driver can refuse consent.
Rawlings v. Kentucky
Driver had no standing to contest the search of a passenger's purse. No possessory interest in the purse.
State v. Flynn
Wisconsin court held that an officer can forcibly take a person's wallet in order to identify that person.
Minnesota v. Dickerson
No manipulating an object which isn't a weapon to determine what it is during a stop and frisk.
United States v. Drayton
Police take over a bus and gained consent to search. Found contraband in luggage. Again, this is ok.
Arizona v. Johnson
During a traffic citation, the officer came to suspect a passenger and ordered them from the car to frisk. This is ok.
Florida v. J.L.
Davis v. Mississippi
Police detention for the sole purpose of obtaining fingerprints is improper.
California v. Hodari
Fleeing from polizei is reasonable suspicion. Police pursuit of a fleeing person is NOT a seizure.
Bond v. United States
Improper manipulation of luggage on bus without consent.
United States v. Everett
Once traffic ticket is issued, an officer can continue to question a motorist as long as the questioning and detention is not overly prolonged.
Navarette v. California
Anonymous caller about a car previously involved in an accident was enough for a stop and frisk. Contemporaneous report is ok partly because caller's ID is verifiable.
Dunaway v. New York
Insufficient evidence to arrest petitioner, but he was detained in jail for questioning. If you can't arrest, you can't jail.
Illinois v. Wardlow
Fleeing case. Nervous evasive behavior is a relevant factor in determining reasonable suspicion.
Iowa v. Knowles
Officer issues traffic citation then searches car. No reason for a search incident to traffic citation. No present danger like in an arrest.
Michigan v. Long
At traffic stop, police noticed a hunting knife. This was held reasonable grounds to frisk the driver and search the car for weapons.
United States v. Hensley
If police have reasonable suspicion grounded in specific "articulable facts" that a person was involved in a past criminal activity, the a Terry stop is applicable. Collective knowledge and aggregate information principles are adopted to establish reasonable suspicion.
Heien v. North Carolina
Officer can stop a person based on reasonable mistake of law. Reasonable suspicion can be based on mistaken understanding of the law (one brake light was out, stop required two).