Supreme Court Cases
Ernesto Miranda was arrested and police officers obtained a written confession during interrogation; however, they did not read his 5th and 6th amendment rights. The Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional.
Miranda v. Arizona
a defendant must be given a fair and adequate legal trial before being stripped of life, liberty, and property
Due process
Clarence Earl Gideon was charged with breaking and entering a Panama City poolroom. Gideon could not afford a lawyer, so he requested a lawyer but was denied. The Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional.
Gideon v. Wainwright
grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and guarantees all citizens "equal protection of the laws" and "due process" from state governments
14th Amendment
Lee Parker was convicted of murder. However, the court bailiff had made comments regarding the trial that was argued to influence the jury. Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional
Parker v. Gladden
protections for due process and against self incrimination and double jeopardy
5th amendment
Bob Pointer was arrested and charged for robbery. A key witness testimony was used at trial without Pointer being able to cross-witness. Supreme Court ruled this unconstitutional.
Pointer v. Texas
the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury
Nine African American men were arrested for false accusations of rape. The trial process was rushed; they were not able to acquire proper legal counsel in time. Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional
Powell v. Alabama
guarantees a defendant in a criminal case the right to an attourney