Critical Criminology
Critical Criminologists are influenced by the work of _________________.
Marx
In feminist criminology, _________________ relations become central to understanding crime.
gender
African American/Black criminological theorists directly address _________________ in their theorizing.
race/ethnicity
According to life-course criminology, traditional criminological theorizing is ____________, while life-course criminology theorizing is ____________.
static, dynamic
According to critical criminology, what is and is not outlawed reflects the _______________________ structure in society.
Prior to Simon and Adler, gender and the experience of female identified individuals were _________________ in criminology.
ignored
Although African Americans are _________________ likely to use or sell drugs than Whites, they are sent to prison far more often and for longer periods of time.
no more
Laub and Sampson (A Theory of Persistent Offending and Desistance from Crime) apply parts of ____________ theory to their life-course theory.
Hirschi's social bond
According to Elliott Currie, to understand crime, we must focus on how the _______________________ creates inequality.
market economy
Messerschmidt examines how men accomplish _________________ through crime.
masculinity
_________________ thesis suggests that causes of crime are the same for African American and White populations
racial invariance thesis
Adolescent-limited offenders engage in delinquent behavior/misconduct as a way to show _______________.
independence
As a defender of the existing social order, the criminal justice system (CJS) ultimately serves the interests of the _________________.
capitalist class
In "A Feminist Theory of Female Delinquency," Chesney-Lind calls attention to the necessity to examine women's/girls' _________________ to understand their criminality.
victimization
Sampson and Wilson argue that we should pay attention to economic disadvantage, isolation, and ____________ when working to understand racial differences in crime.
cognitive landscapes; ecologically structured norms
According to Moffitt, _____________ offenders engage in law breaking behavior for a limited period of time, while _______________ offenders engage in law breaking behavior throughout their lives.
Adolescent-Limited; Life-Course-Persistent
According to Elliott Currie, the market society breeds violent crime by its tendency toward extremes of inequality and material deprivation, destroying livelihood, and _________________.
weakening of public supports
Chesney-Lind argues the likelihood of being sexually abused and running away for girls is a pathway to _________________ and continued _________________.
delinquency, victimization
Michelle Alexander argues that ____________ is the New Jim Crow and a form of institutional racism.
mass incarceration, criminal justice system
Sampson and Laub (A Theory of Persistent Offending and Desistance from Crime) draw attention to _________________, such as marriage or employment, that encourage individuals to stop committing crime.
turning points