This is a set of relationships among people who interact on a face-to-face basis over time.
What is a group?
100
The theory that social and physical disorder gives rise to crime.
What is broken windows theory?
100
This is the inhibition of criminal activity by state-imposed penalties..
What is deterrence?
100
This tries to shape conduct by positively reinforcing desirable actions with money or privileges and negatively reinforcing undesirable actions by withholding rewards or imposing penalties.
What is behavior modification?
100
This focuses on preservation of the status quo from criminals, who are seen as threats to the established social order. Associated with Reagan and Bush administrations
What is the conservative perspective?
200
Ties among individual members of a group or among different groups.
What is a network?
200
A subdivision and design of housing that allows residents to distinguish stranger from neighbor.
What is defensible space?
200
The inhibition of the desire to engage in crime among the population as a whole
What is general deterrence?
200
This successful method aims to change what and how offenders think in order to alter their behavioral choices
What are cognitive-behavioral programs?
200
This perspective contends that crime can be reduced by policies that ameliorate or eradicate the social conditions that cause crime. Associated with Johnson and Obama presidencies.
What is the liberal perspective?
300
This is a formal organization that is rationally organized to pursue goals in an efficient manner,
What is a bureaucracy?
300
A unity based on shared values and norms and on the similarity of functions performed by all members of the society.
What is mechanical solidarity?
300
When an offender punished for a particular crime does not commit that crime again because his or her risk–reward calculations have been altered
What is specific deterrence?
300
A program that allows a district attorney to recommend to a judge that a criminal proceeding be suspended while a suspect participates in a treatment program.
What is pretrial diversion?
300
This perspective looks at crime by both the socially disadvantaged and the wealthy and powerful, attributing crime by both groups to the conditions of a capitalist economy.
What is the radical perspective?
400
A small and relatively permanent group of two or three thieves or confidence tricksters, each of whom plays a well-defined role in the specific type of crime that the group commits.
What is a craft organization?
400
A unity based on an interdependence of functions, much as in a complex biological organism.
What is organic solidarity?
400
This is the custodial control of convicted offenders so they cannot commit crimes against the general public.
What is incapacitation?
400
A native American response to crime that seeks to reintegrate offenders into the community while also attending to the rights of victims.
What is restorative justice?
400
This is the use of opportunity-reducing measures “(1) directed at highly specific forms of crime (2) that involve the management, design, or manipulation of the immediate environment
What is situational crime prevention?
500
A group of several criminals who come together to commit one or a series of acts of robbery, burglary, fraud, or smuggling.
What is a project organization?
500
The issue of how bystanders respond to emergencies such as crimes.
What is the good samaritan problem?
500
This is the principle of “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth” expressed in the Code of Hammurabi
What is lex talionis?
500
A system that requires offenders to serve a certain percentage of their sentence in prison.
What is truth-in-sentencing?
500
A way to reduce opportunities for crime is to make it more difficult for offenders to carry out crimes against particular targets.