The start of criminology
A systematic approach to estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives used to determine options which provide the best approach to achieving benefits
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Chicago School purported that behavior is primarily shaped by
Social Factors
Henry Goddard is famous for studying ______ history of criminogenic ________
Genetic, families
She said that if women started getting the same rights as men, they would start behaving like them as well aka commit more crime
Freda Adler
This is an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses environmental science, victimization through those harms, and crimes against the environment.
Green Criminology
Criminals are not as highly evolved as noncriminals.
Criminal minds are inherited.
Father of criminology
Classified criminals into categories.__________ refers to the conflict between a subculture and a larger culture within which it resides
Secondary culture conflict
People cannot always obtain all the information they need to make the best possible decision.
Bounded Rationality
The term "White Collar Crime" was coined by
Sutherland
Segregation of control over gender roles at home by parents can create more risky behaviors in male adolescents
What do somatotypes relate to?
General body structures.
Showing potential offenders the negative consequences of a crime in the hope that it will prevent them from committing that same crime is the concept of
Ecological theory
Routine Activity Theory
Types of control used by the powerful
Laws, legal process
Physical force
coercion
Study of marginalization, oppression, and over-policing
Left Realism
What is a Macro theory?
"big picture" of the crime through society's functionality or structural issues.
"Outsiders" book author
Howard Becker
This theory examines social control mechanisms at various points in life such as transitions, trajectories, turning points.
Lifecourse Theory
"False Consciousness"
Marx
____ is an approach that has been appropriated by human geographers, criminologists, historians, and others to provide insight into how people view and construct the world and their subjective images of close and distant places.
Mental Mapping
Who proposed that "Persons awaiting trial should not be placed in prisons"
Cesare Beccaria
Theory of deviant behavior that involves the relationship between goals and means
Merton's Strain Theory
She divided population of criminals into two main groups based on age and repeated offending
Terri Moffitt
The fundamental assumption of conflict theories is that
Societies are more properly characterized by _____ than _______.
Conflict, consensus
It is faceless and anonymous but act as a disciplinary power that is effective. It exercises power through uncertainty and invisibility.
Panoptic Gaze