Social Process Theories
In containment theory, one of the forces that keeps people law-abiding and includes tolerance for frustration and a good self-concept
What is inner containment?
Creator of the labeling theory.
Who is Edwin Lemert?
Zone in the concentric zone theory that is considered to have the highest rate of crime/delinquency.
What is the transitional zone or zone two?
Theorist that created the social bond theory.
Who is Travis Hirschi?
The scientific approach to the study of the nature, extent, etiology, and control of behavior.
What is criminology?
Theory that states if you push a label on an individual they will eventually conform and start acting according to that label.
What is labeling theory?
This theorist created the differential association theory
Who is Edwin Sutherland?
Neighborhoods that are characterized by mixed land use, residential mobility, heterogeneity, and many social ills
What are disorganized neighborhoods?
Two people that DEVELOPED the concentric zone theory.
Who are Robert Park and Ernest Burgess?
The migration of Black Americans from inner city neighborhoods to the suburbs.
What is the Black exodus?
Theory where a person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to violating laws over definitions unfavorable to violating laws.
What is differential association theory?
This person is considered the father of criminology and proposed the concept of atavism
Who is Cesare Lombroso?
Main criticism of ecological theories.
What is the ecological fallacy?
Author of Imitation and Suggestion and creator of the laws of imitation.
Who is Gabriel Tarde?
Creator of the classical school of criminology.
Who is Cesare Beccaria?
Theory that includes attachment, commitment, belief, and involvement.
What is social bond theory?
Theorist that created the general strain theory
Who is Robert Merton?
Theory where individuals from low SES react to their circumstances and conditions by forming a subculture.
What is cultural deviance theory?
Two people that TESTED the concentric zone theory.
Who are Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay?
Norm confusion resulting from society moving from mechanical to organic too quickly.
What is anomie?
Theory that includes denying responsibility, denying injury, denying the victim, condemn condemners, and appealing to higher loyalties.
What is neutralization theory?
Theorist that proposed somatotyping as a predictor for criminal behavior
Who is William Sheldon?
Educational institution that founded the branch of human ecology in criminology
What is the Chicago School?
Creators of neutralization and drift theory.
Who are Gresham Sykes and David Matza?
Responses to strain including conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion.
What are the modes of adaptation?