Chapter 1 Crime and Criminology
Criminal laws are separated into What Two Groups for sentencing?
Felonies and misdemeanors
A mass shooting is typically defined as the killing or injury of (blank) or more people.
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Why do fraudsters often target older adults?
Older adults are seen as easy targets.
As a crime control theory, what does general deterrence rely on?
Fear of criminal penalties
The stereotype that several days prior to and during menstruation females are beset by irritability and poor judgment as a result of hormonal changes.
PMS
What is required before an arrest can be made?
Probable cause
What is a career criminal?
An offender who persistently engages in criminal acts.
Males are most likely to be violently victimized by _______.
a stranger
The ability to intentionally make choices that are not fully determined by forces beyond the individual’s control is defined as _______.
Agency or free will
What is the condition that occurs when glucose levels in the blood fall below the necessary level for normal and efficient brain functioning
Hypoglycemia
Under the consensus view of crime, society has a duty to ____ all its citizens.
Protect
What is the UCR?
Uniform Crime Report
Under victim precipitation theory, the victim ____ their own victimization.
Initiates
The more prior incarceration experiences an offender has, the more likely they are to ____.
Recidivate
A psychological disorder in which a child shows developmentally inappropriate impulsivity, hyperactivity, and lack of attention.
ADHD
One of the ethical responsibilities of a criminologist is to be ____ in research
Objective
To whom is the information collected by the National Incident-Based Reporting System provided?
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
About what percent of hate crimes are motivated by race or ethnicity?
50-60% (actual number is 55.8%, 50-60 is acceptable range)
The belief that an action is right, moral, and correct if it benefits the majority of people and promotes their happiness.
utilitarianism
What do the biochemical, neurological, and genetic views on crime causation all share?
That crime has both biological and sociological elements.
A statutory requirement that a certain penalty shall be carried out in all cases of conviction for a specified offense or series of offenses.
Mandatory Sentence
Which federal reporting system does the acronym NCVS stand for?
National Crime Victimization Survey
In what season are violent crimes at their highest rates?
Fall
Under what theory does the prospective criminal weigh the costs and benefits to decide whether to commit a crime?
Rational choice theory
What theory holds that: People have a personal attribute or characteristic (trait) developed at birth that controls their inclination or propensity to commit crimes.
Master Trait Theory.