Hormones
Neurotransmission
The Brain (General)
Cognition (Decision Making)
Emotion (General)
100

What hormone has been correlated with aggression and violent crime?

Testosterone

100
What neurotransmitter has been correlated with antisocial, impulsive, aggressive and violent behaviour?
Serotonin
100
What are the names of the cells in the brain?
Neurons
100
Name a theory or model of cognition.
The dual processing model of thinking and decision making.
100
What hormone is associated with emotional arousal?
Adrenaline
200

What happened in Albert et al's (1986) study after they castrated the alpha male rats?

Their aggression decreased and they lost their "alpha" status.

200
Low serotonin levels affect what part of the brain?
The prefrontal cortex (and the connection of the PFC with the amygdala)
200
What part of the brain is our "emotional centre"?
The amygdala
200
What system is fast and automatic?
system one
200
What this the psychological term for something that invokes an emotional reaction?
An emotional stimulus
300
According to Goetz et al and Radke et al, what part of the brain does testosterone affect when viewing angry faces?
The amygdala
300
What is the amino acid that helps to build serotonin in the brain?
Tryptophan
300
What part of our brain is associated with regulating our impulsive behaviour?
Prefrontal cortex (or the frontal lobe)
300
what system is slow, deliberate and requires conscious effort?
system two
300
What part of the brain acts like a control centre and is key in the stress (fight/flight) response?
The hypothalamus
400

How does amygdala activation correspond with aggression?

Amygdala activation enables us to feel emotions. One way it does this is by stimulating physiological arousal. Aggression involves high levels of emotion, e.g. anger, frustration, etc...so if we feel emotion (due to amygdala activation) we may be more likely to display aggression.

400
How did Passamonti et al manipulate serotonin levels in the brain?
They had participants drink a placebo or a drink that lacked tryptophan.
400
What part of our brain may play a role in system two processing of information?
the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
400
Why doesn't the Iowa Gambling Task use real playing cards? (They use just plain black and red).
Because participants originally overthought trying to find the patterns in the game.
400
How did researchers originally (way back in the 1800s and early 1900s) discover that the temporal lobe was an important part of the brain for emotional experiences?
They removed temporal lobes of monkeys and noticed that this resulted in emotional blunting.
500

According to Radke et al's study, what is the cognitive factor required to increase amygdala activation during social threat (and when we have high levels of testosterone)?

Motivation. When an individual is motivated to approach a threatening face, that is when testosterone increase our amygdala activation.

500
How might low serotonin levels increase the likelihood of impulsive and/or violent behaviour during times of social threat?
When we have low serotonin levels and we view an angry face, our pfc function decreases. Our PFC helps to regulate impulsive behaviour so by decreasing the function of the PFC we may be more likely to react to the threat impulsively.
500
In what lobe of the brain are the amygdala and hippocampus?
The temporal lobe
500
How many trials were there in Bechara et al's study on ventromedial pfc damage and the Iowa Gambling Task?
100
500
How do we know that amygdala activation plays a role in phobias?
Because they tested people with phobias and found that they had higher activation when viewing images of the thing they were afraid of (than compared to other neutral images).
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