Hormones
What hormones has been correlated with aggression and violence? Give a study that relates to this.
Testosterone
Many! (Cohen, Radke, Albert )
What neurotransmitter has been correlated with antisocial, impulsive, aggressive and violent behaviour? Give a study that investigates this.
Serotonin
(Passamonti)
Name a theory or model of cognition that we discussed in Unit 2. What study investigated this?
The dual processing model of thinking and decision making.
(Bechara)
Which psychologists wanted to know how different environments would affect brain development in rats?
Rosenzweig & Bennett
What happened in Albert et al's study after they castrated the alpha male rats?
Their aggression decreased and they lost their "alpha" status.
Low serotonin levels decrease what region's ability to control the amygdala.
The prefrontal cortex (and the connection of the PFC with the amygdala)
What part of the brain is our "emotional centre"? Give a study that investigates this.
The amygdala
(Many! Feinstein, Passamonti)
Describe the procedure in the Iowa Gambling Task. Describe the "pattern" and results.
17 healthy controls/ 8 patients with lesions on vmPFC.
4 deck of cards. Participants select a card from one of the decks. They repeat 100 times. They win or lose based on their decisions. They don't know, but 2 decks have high initial reward but long term risk. Whereas 2 decks have low initial risk and low reward.
Result: healthy participants were able to see the "pattern" about about 20-30 trials. Participants with vmPFC were not.
Which psychologists wanted to investigate the role of the hippocampus in the role of spatial memory?
Maguire (2000)
Which psychologist wanted to know the correlation between damage to the PFC & familial aggression?
Grafman
How does amygdala activation correspond with aggression?
Amygdala activation enables us to feel emotions. One way it does this is by stimulating physiological preparedness for f/f/f response. Aggression is an adaptive response and is the "fight" response. Therefore amygdala activation may lead to increase aggression (or anxiety).
How did Passamonti et al manipulate serotonin levels in the brain?
They had participants drink a placebo or a drink that decreased tryptophan.
What does the Iowa Gambling Task gage (measure)?
risk assessment
Which researcher(s) investigated the role of the MAOA gene and the impacts on social behaviour in children, using twins in their research?
Raine and Baker (2007)
10% of which hormone can cross the blood-brain barrier and diminish grey matter in the hippocampus and PFC while activating the amygdala?
Cortisol
Which phenotype of a gene leads to higher levels of serotonin in the brain?
MAOA-L
What part of the brain are the amygdala and hippocampus located in?
temporal lobe
HL extension: Which psychologists studied aplysia in order to see how fear conditioning reshapes the brain connections?
Kandel