Bentham & Beccaria
Expected Utility Theory
Classical Theory
Differential Association
Containment Theory
100
What was Bentham's philosophy?
He believed in the greatest happiness of the greatest number
100
What kind of theory is the expected utility theory?
A normative theory of rational decision
100
Who were the two people behind the classical theory?
Jeremy Bentham and Cesare de Beccaria
100
What does the Differential Association theory attempt to explain?
How criminal behavior is learned.
100
What does this theory attempt to explain?
Why individuals might choose criminal behavior
200
Mankind is driven by what two motives?
Pain and Pleasure.
200
What are outcomes?
objects of non-instrumental preference.
200
What period was the classical theory created in?
the enlightenment period.
200
How many tenets are used to explain this theory?
nine
200
Who developed this theory?
Walter Reckless
300
What is utility?
Property or objects that produce happiness or prevent unhapiness
300
What are states?
Things outside our control that influence the outcome of a decision
300
What theory is classical theory associated with?
 the Hedonistic Rationality Theory
300
Who developed this theory?
Edwin Sutherland
300
How many key factors are used to explain this theory?
four
400
What influential essay did Beccaria create?
On Crimes and Punishment
400
How is this theory modeled?
Through a matrix system.
400
There are four key principles to the classical theory.  What are they?
Principle of rationality


Pleasure and Pain

Deterrence is the best justification for punishment

Human rights and due process principles

400
What does this theory NOT explain?
Why criminal behavior is chosen
400
What two ideas are used to explain why criminal behavior might be chosen?
Pushes and Pulls
500
What key concepts did Beccaria create that are in our bill of rights?  Name three.
Public Trials


Proof of crime

No cruel and unusual punishments

Statute of limitations for most crimes

Jury of Peers

The concept of innocent until proven guilty

500
Why would a person choose crime over just following the rules?
The risk of an undesirable outcome is not greater than the possible gain of being successful.
500
What type of punishment is Beccaria against?
Capital punishment.
500
When does the learning process excel?
In groups of close peers
500
What is defined as an individuals natural adherence to law or acceptable behavior?
Norm Retention
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