Baddies
they study crime and the factors that correlate with it
WHO ARE criminologists
criminals make a concious, rational, informed choice, to commit a crime
WHAT IS rational choice theory
the three types of law
WHAT IS
1. Civil/Tort Law
2. Administrative/Regulatory law
3. Criminal law
guilty act
WHAT IS actus reus
a return to criminal behaviour
WHAT IS recidivism
-believed that the state is based on a social contract
WHO IS John-Jacques Rousseau
idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
WHAT IS Utilitarianism
law that concerns itself with individual, private harms
civil/tort law
guilty mind
WHAT IS mens rea
Nonviolent crime committed by individuals or corporations to obtain a personal or business advantage.
WHAT IS white collar crime
Scottish englightment philosopher known for his emphasis on religious skepticism and philosophical empiricism
"Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions"
WHO IS David Hume
a voluntary agreement between the government and the governed
WHAT IS Social Contract Theory
WHAT IS
Criminal law
a system of law based on precedent and customs
WHAT IS common law
one of the key elements of deterrence; the assumption that when people commit a crime, they will perceive a high likelihood of being caught and punished
WHAT IS Certainty of Punishment
-he coined the term sociological imagination
- argued that a simple few individuals within the political, military and corporate realms actually held the majority of power in U.S
- wrote "the power elite"
WHO IS C. Wright Mills
An outcome of capital punishment that enhances, rather than deters, the level of violence in society. The death penalty reinforces the view that violence is an appropriate response to provocation.
WHAT IS Brutalization Effect
the body of law that regulates the operation and procedures of government agencies.
Administrative/Regulatory Law
acts that are prohibited because they are defined as crimes by law
undiscovered crime, never reported to police
he's a criminologist known for his differential association theory and for defining white collar crime
WHO IS Edwin Sutherland?
a contemporary version of classical criminology that emphasizes deterrence and retribution, with reduced emphasis on rehabilitation
WHAT IS Neo Classical Criminology
1. for social control
2. to discourage revenge
3. to express public opinion and morals
4. deterring criminal behaviour
WHAT IS
four functions of criminal law
the case may be processed as an indictment offence or summarily
WHAT IS hybrid offences (dual procedure offences)
a situation where politicians propose or develop criminal justice policy that reflects public sentiment, as presented through the media, rather than actual criminal activity or policy effectiveness
-tough on crime policies
WHAT IS penal populism