Brain and Behaviour
Decision Making
Brain and Emotion
Hormones
Culture
100
What part of the brain regulates our impulsive actions?
Prefrontal cortex
100
What are the two types of processing called?
System one and system two (also sometimes called type one and type two)
100
What part of the brain is the "emotional centre?"
The amydala
100

What is the name of the system of glands in the body that release hormones?

Endocrine system.

100

What is the name of the type of culture that places value on maintaining reputation and social standing, especially in the face of a threat?

A culture of honor

200
Veterans from what war have been studied in the USA for the past 40 years?
Vietnam War (or the American War as it's called in Vietnam)
200
What is the name of the task used in Bechara et al.'s study on vmPFC lesion patients?
Iowa Gambling Task
200
What gland in the endocrine system releases stress hormones during the fight/flight response?
Adrenal gland (the pituitary is a gland, but it only sends the signal to the adrenal gland)
200
What are two behaviours associated with testosterone?
Aggression/violence, social dominance, social status, attraction, competition
200

What were two dependent variables in Cohen et al.'s experiments on the culture of honor?

Testosterone levels, cortisol levels, answers to the scenario completion task

300
What machine is used to locate the area of brain damage of veterans so researchers can compare groups?
MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging)
300
What are three characteristics of system two processing?
Slow, conscious, based on logic, rational, based on consequences, controlled
300
What three tests did Feinstein et al. conduct on SM to measure her fear?
Haunted house, pet store and observing scary clips
300
How did Radke et al. manipulate testosterone levels?
With injections.
300

What were the % increases of testosterone of Northerners and Southerns in Cohen et al.'s experiments?

12% and 4%

400
What specific part of the brain was damaged in the group with the most aggressive behaviour in Grafman et al.'s report from the Vietnam Head Injury Study?
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
400
What are four characteristics of system one processing?
fast, nonconscious (unconscious), automatic, intuitive, based on experiences, based on emotion
400
Why does SM have damaged amygdalae?
From a rare genetic condition.
400

How do we know from Radke et al.'s study that testosterone influences the brain in response to social threat, and not just in response to other people?

It only impacted the amygdala when viewing the angry faces, not the faces with other emotions.

400

What was the "control" condition in Cohen et al.'s experiments?

There was no bump or insult, they just walked down the hall and placed the questionnaire.

500
What result in Grafman et al's study suggests that it's not just brain damage that influences aggression?
"Disruption to family activities" was a better predictor of aggression than the size of the lesion.
500
What characteristic of system twp processing were the vmPFC patients NOT demonstrating in the gambling game in Bechara et al.'s study?
An ability to process information (and make decisions) based on consequences - they were unable to learn from their mistakes.
500

Describe the process of releasing stress hormones (cortisol and adrenaline) in response to perceiving a threat. There are four specific glands and parts of the brain you must mention (A, H, P, A)

The amygala perceives the threat, sends a signal to the hypothalamus, which signals the pituitary gland, which signals the adrenal gland and stress hormones are released.

500

Why can we not use Radke et al.'s study to explain the actions of a serial killer who murders innocent victims?

Radke et al.'s experiment measures testosterone's activity in the brain in response to social threat - the angry face - and when we're motivated to deal with that threat. In the serial killer scenario, if someone is innocent they're unlikely to be a threat to the killer - in other words, the murder is unprovoked.

500

What are two reasons why a culture of honor didn't develop in the Northern states in the USA?

They weren't as reliant on herding as an economy; there was more law enforcement as more people lived in cities and communities.

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