AC 1's
Name 3 features of the Crime Control
Seek to deal with criminal cases quickly and efficiently. Seeking a conviction at any cost.
Suppression of crime
Aim is to punish criminals and stop them committing further crimes.
Focus on ‘Zero Tolerance’ approach.
Links to Right Realism theory.
Name the 5 aims of punishment
Retribution
Rehabilitation
Deterrence
Reparation
Public Protection
What does the CPS stand for?
Crown Prosecution Service
What did Lombroso claim about the causes of crime?
Claimed that Criminality was hereditary. He claimed a distinct biological class of people were criminals.
Name 1 reason why the police are ineffective in achieving social control.
Failures in the Hillsborough disaster have highlighted weaknesses in the police showing they are more than prepared to cover-up their mistakes in order to protect themselves.
What does a Green paper allow?
Allows people both inside and outside Parliament to give the department feedback on its policy or legislative proposals.
What is restorative justice? How does this work?
A process through which parties with a stake in a specific offence collectively resolve how to deal with the aftermath of the offence and its implications for the future.
How can environmental design reduce crime in built up areas?
Creating open spaces with strong lighting, no blind spots, low level bushes, CCTV & surveillance
What did Eysenck believe?
Eysenck’s theory predicts that people who have extrovert, neurotic and psychotic personalities are more likely to offend because it is difficult for them to learn to control their immature impulses.
What date is the unit 4 exam?
4th of June!
Describe the relationship between the Crown Prosecution Service and the police.
CPS work closely with the Police during early stages of investigation. The CPS have 24 hour advice service called CPS direct which provides charging advice to the police when required.
How does imprisonment meet the aims of retribution?
Locks offenders away, prevents them from harming the public. Ensures prisoners earn a punishment proportional to the crime they committed.
What is the term for unreported crime statistics?
The dark figure of crime
Describe what a Marxist would say about the causes of crime.
The poor commit crimes out of need or out of a sense of injustice.
What was Tony Blair's crime slogan?
Tough on crime
Tough on causes of crime
What is statutory interpretation?
This is where judges in superior courts (Court of Appeal) are called upon to interpret words and phrases within a law. They have the ability to interpret the meaning of the law and make a verdict on the case.
Incapacitation: meeting 3 aims?
- Deterrance
- Retribution
- Rehabilitation
- Public protection
Explain the role of Charities and Pressure groups in achieving social control.
They are not government funded so can bring independent advice and can challenge functions in the CJS.
They rely on voluntary donations.
They are non-profit organisations
What is Kohlberg's theory?
Kohlberg argues that our ideas of right and wrong develop through a series of levels and stages from childhood to adulthood. This theory suggests that criminals’ moral development is stuck at a less mature level than everyone else’s.
Which Philosopher designed the Panopticon prison?
Jeremy Bentham
Name all 8 stages of the government law making process. Briefly explain each one.
First Reading: Name of the bill and main aims read out. Formal vote taken.
Second Reading: Main debate of bill followed by another vote.
Committee stage: A group of representatives look at the bill to address any issues and suggest possible changes.
Report stage: Committee report back to the House who then vote on any proposed amendments.
Third Reading: Final vote on the Bill takes place.
Consideration in the Other House: If the bill started in the House of Commons, it is then sent to the House of Lords, or vice versa. The same stages (second reading, committee stage, etc.) are repeated in the other house.
Consideration of Amendments: After the Lords have considered a bill, it will be sent back to the Commons, or vice versa. If the second House does not amend the bill then it goes for royal assent.
Royal Assent: The Monarch signs the bill. She cannot refuse as it is now only a symbolic stage as the Head of State.
Name the 2 types of criminal discharges and explain what they are.
Conditional and Absolute.
Absolute discharge is when no penalty is imposed. It’s the lowest level of punishment.
A conditional discharge, where you could still get a sentence if you break the conditions.
Why are local and national policies limitations for agencies in achieving social control?
Local police forces prioritise certain crimes over others depending on the scale of the problem in that area. This can mean some crimes are not investigated.
National Government policies focus on certain crimes at times i.e. Knife Crime, Gang related crimes.
What is Freud's Psychoanalysis
Our early childhood experiences determine our personality and future behaviour.
The mind has 3 parts Id –controls our selfish urges
Ego –seeks rational and sensible control
Super ego –our moral conscience A healthy personality needs a balance between all 3 parts.
- Aims of punishment
- University of crime
- Budget cuts
- Understaffing