Politics... (& one thing about the Scientific Revolution because I ran out of space)
Describe Louis XIV’s reign
Louis XIV focused on getting French culture/politics into all levels of European society by placing all levels of government in one area, Versailles.
What were the major philosophies of John Locke?
John Locke's major philosophies believed that we were molded by our thoughts and experiences and we all have the right to life, liberty, and property.
What was the Guillotine?
It was an execution device that used a heavy blade to quickly decapitate a person.
Who were the Peninsulares and Creoles? What were their differences?
The Peninsulares were people born in the Iberian Peninsula and were the highest of the social class and held important government positions. The Creoles were of European descent that were born in Latin America.
What ancient African kingdom was known for its great wealth and its ruler, Mansa Musa?
Mali
Describe Peter the Great’s reign?
Peter the Great focused on modernizing and reorganizing the army by drafting peasants for 25 year stints to build the army.
What were the major philosophies of Rousseau?
Rousseau believed that men are born free, but then give up their freedom for safety and security in what is called the social contract.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
Napoleon Bonaparte was a military leader and he was an emperor that rose at the end of the French Revolution.
What did the English Bill of Rights, the American, and French Constitutions all have in common?
They all had a primary focus on equal rights for men, which included the protection of individual liberties, such as freedom of speech, equality under the law, and separation of church and state.
Who was the last Pharaoh of ancient Egypt?
Cleopatra VII
What inventions/ideas did Francis Bacon create and why were they important?
Bacon made the Scientific Method and that gave us a sequence to help us categorize the universe
What were the major philosophies of Montesquieu?
Montesquieu however believed that the governmental power must be divided by 3 different branches so there wasn’t an imbalance of power in one place.
What did Napoleon Bonaparte accomplish?
Napoleon Bonaparte's major accomplishments were making the Napoleonic Code and his military dominance. He secured 64 victories in over 70 battles. He also established the first modern French empire in 1804. Napoleon Bonaparte conquered most of Europe by combining radical military innovation with revolutionary social reforms.
Describe American Independence
America's independence was a long dragged out conflict and America wanted their independence because they were not being properly represented by their government
What year did the United States land the first humans on the Moon?
1969
How did the Mughals share power with the Hindus?
They kept Muslims in high positions of power but gave Hindus power at the local levels, they are called Zamindars.
What inventions/ideas did Isaac Newton create and why were they important?
Newton discovered the Law of Gravity. Newton's Law of Gravity led the way for many new theories about the universe
Why was the Guillotine used and how did it contribute to the Reign of Terror?
It was used because it lined up with their enlightened ideas and it was fast, clean, and humane and over 16,000 people were executed during the Reign of Terror including the King and Queen.
How did the difference of Peninsulares and Creoles affect society?
The Creoles were not able to hold any high-level government positions because they were seen as inferior to the Peninsulares. The build up of resentment would later lead to Latin American Independence.
Which country was the first to grant women the right to vote?
New Zealand (1893)
What was the tax that the Mughals placed on all non-Muslims?
Any non-Muslims had to pay Jizya, a tax for them to practice their religion, but if they didn’t have the money, they had to convert to Islam.
What inventions/ideas did Galileo Galilei create and why were they important?
Galileo discovered that planets were not made of light but made of real materials. Galileo made us realize that the planets were like Earth.
Why did the French Revolution start and why were the people upset?
The French Revolution started when the royalty weren’t taking care of their people and the people couldn’t get bread and basic needs. The royalty were spending tons of money on war, and the royals would party while the peasants suffered. Finally, the lower classes in the Third Estate would always be outvoted by the nobles and clergy in the Second and First Estate.
Describe Brazilian Independence.
Brazilian independence was gained with very little bloodshed. Brazil wanted independence because they got a taste of what it was like to be their own kingdom.
What year did India gain independence from Britain?
1947