What Is CRISPR?
CRISPR acts like a pair of __________
Scissors
What did scientist do when radiation was discovered
Put radiation on plants to see what would happen
What are T-cells
They are a type of white blood cell
TRUE/FALSE: In 2015 and 2016, Chinese scientist experimented with human embryos - both embryos died
True
What does CRISPR edit?
Genomes - DNA
Scientists inserted DNA into _________, ____________ and ____________ in the 1970's
Bacteria, Plants and Animals
- Killing infected host cells
- Activating other immune cells
- Producing cytokines
- Regulating the immune response.
Before CRISPR, gene editing was expensive and took around a _______
CRISPR is MUCH cheaper and takes a few _______
Year
Weeks
What is Cas9
Cas9 is an enzyme
When did scientists create 2 babies (twins) with 3 biologically parents
1990's
How many cancer patients participated in the first CRISPR cancer trial and what did their tumors have in common?
3 people
Their tumors had the same protein on their surface.
CRISPR can change the way we think about....
Name 3 ways
Change the way we think about disease, drugs, GMO, human genome, what makes a human, human etc.
Cas9 was adapted from a naturally occurring genome editing system in _________
Bacteria
What was the first genetically modified animal to be born
A mice
How did the first American Trial of CRIPSR end?
Worked for 9 months - One patient had a reduction in tumor size
One patient died, the other two had their cancer worse
Trail got shut down
How can CRISPR alter the human genone
Engineered traits will be passed on to their children and spread over generations.
Modifying the whole gene pool of humanity
How did bacteria uses Cas9
Bacteria would remove DNA or RNA from invading viruses
What is the name of the first food that was "CRISPRed"
The Flavr Sarv Tomato
Lists the steps of making CRISPR edited T cells
*Hint 5 steps*
1. Remove blood from patient to get T cells
2. Make CRISPR edited T-cell in the lab
3. Grow millions of CRISRP edited T-cells
4. Infuse CRISRP edited T-cells into patient
5. CRISPR - edited T-cells bind to cancer cells and kill them
CRISPR cure HIV
State the two studies done to prove that
*HINT* First Studies - Living cells from patients / Second Studies - Rats
In 2015, scientist used CRISPR to cut the HIV virus out of living cells from patients in their lab
In 2016, they carried out a larger scale project with rats where 99% of their cells had HIV - Remove up to 50% of the virus all over the body