Hearing
When too many sound inputs reduce a listener’s ability to process information effectively.
What is auditory overload?
When word meaning is unclear or can be interpreted in multiple ways.
What is semantic ambiguity?
The cognitive system that temporarily holds and manipulates information.
What is working or short-term memory?
Interpreting messages based on political or belief systems.
What is ideological bias in listening?
Showing understanding of a speaker’s emotional state.
What is empathic responding?
Focusing on one sound source while ignoring competing stimuli.
What is selective auditory attention?
When message meaning conflicts with situational expectations.
What is contextual dissonance?
Rebuilding recalled information, often imperfectly.
What is memory reconstruction?
The ability to critically evaluate persuasive messaging.
What is propaganda resistance?
Verbal or nonverbal cues that show engagement.
What is active listening feedback?
When biological or environmental sounds interfere with message reception.
What is physiological noise masking?
Structuring language to influence interpretation of meaning.
What is linguistic framing?
Remembering information that supports existing beliefs.
What is selective recall bias?
Evaluating who is delivering the message and their credibility.
What is source analysis?
Restating a message in your own words.
What is paraphrasing?
Reduced listening effectiveness due to prolonged exposure to sound.
What is auditory fatigue?
The ability to understand extended spoken or written communication.
What is discourse comprehension?
When post-event information alters original memory.
What is misinformation effect?
Detecting underlying motives in communication.
What is hidden agenda identification?
Providing feedback to show understanding.
What is responding in listening?
When sound is physically received correctly but cognitively altered before interpretation.
What is perceptual hearing distortion?
Drawing conclusions beyond the literal meaning of a message.
What is inferential listening?
Encoding, storage and retrieval in sequence.
What are the three steps in the memory processes in listening?
The ability to analyze and evaluate media messages for bias, purpose, and impact
What is critical media literacy?
The coordinated use of hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding.
What is listening competence integration?