Fallacies
This is a fallacy where a person jumps to conclusions based on insufficient evidence or bias, associated with stereotyping.
Hasty Generalization
This is the step of the toulmin method which includes the limits to how far you can support your argument. Indicates the strength and leap from data to argument.
Qualifier
Step of rogerian method that begins the essay, and expresses the issue
When someone is persuaded to accept or adopt your position
Persuasion
First part of critical summary that answers who is the author and what is the expertise and significance of author.
This fallacy is based off of drawing unreasonable conclusions that are in no way related to the said premise
Non sequitur
This is the step of the toulmin method that contains evidence in support to claim, made of data and hard facts
Grounds
Step of rogerian method which searches that everything in article is correct and ensures it is relevant
3. Grant whatever validity the writer finds in that position
Rhetoric appeal that applies to logic and reason. Can include physical evidence, data, facts, experts, common sense, probability
Step of writing a critical summary which includes the most evidence used to support argument, thesis, and perspective, uses examples
3. Exemplify
This fallacy is based off the creation of an unwarranted claim by not following the rules and standards of logic
This is the step of the toulmin method where you use objections and oppositions to strengthen your argument overall.
Rebuttal
Step of rogerian method which announces the position of the opposing side
2. Give the opponent’s position
A rhetoric appeal that applies to credibility, appropriate logos and tone, and demonstrate familiarity.
Ethos
Step that includes exactly what and how the author is arguing and what is the goal that is attempted to achieve.
2. Explain
This fallacy is the making of an assumption that all members in a given set all share the same characteristics as a whole
Division
This step is where you introduce your opinion and state your argument against opposing side. The whole foundation of the argument
Claim
Step of rogerian method instead of bashing the opposing position searches to advertise how their position should be chosen to simply improve opponents side.
4. Attempt to show how the opposing position will be improved if the writer’s own position is good
Uses the rhetoric appeal pf sympathy and strong emotion, attempts to manipulate audiences feelings.
Pathos
Step of critical summary that address the concerns and questions the author’s approach and interpretation
4. Problematize
This fallacy is where two terms/phrases are made the same in meaning while the avoiding the contextual differences
Equivocation
This is the step of the toulmin method where additional information is displayed to encourage and persuade reader to be on your side.
Backing
The understanding of someone else’s perspective or experiences. Highly beneficial to use in rogerian method
Empathy
Step that includes the good and the bad of the author’s product as a whole and what further insight can produce.
5. Extend