An individual that has an advanced degree or extensive training in a narrow domain of study
What is an expert
100
Attacking the person instead of the argument
What is ad hominem
100
The research field that studies unidentified flying objects
What is ufology
100
These are all examples of what: acupuncture, cupping, candling, aromatherapy
What is alternative medicine
100
a belief that some covert but influential organization (usually government) is responsible for bringing about some circumstance or event (e.g 9/11)
What is a conspiracy theory
200
When all or almost all expert agree about a given issue
What is a consensus
200
Attacking a position that your opponent does not support
What is a straw man argument
200
The weakest form of scientific evidence
What is anecdotal evidence
200
Psychological states that cause the relief of physical symptoms
What are placebo effects
200
false news stories, often of a sensational nature, created to be widely shared online for the purpose of generating ad revenue via web traffic or discrediting a public figure, political movement, company, etc.
What is fake news
300
Carl Sagan's method for determining whether something is bunk
What is the baloney detection kit
300
Inferring that all tomatoes are red from looking at the tomatoes in one grocery store
What is a hasty generalization
300
Another name for junk science
What is pseudoscience
300
A company that grosses roughly the same amount of money as Monsanto
What is Whole Foods
300
A kind of alternative medicine that involves heavily diluting chemicals to treat symptoms
What is homeopathy
400
A search engine for peer reviewed studies and articles
What is google scholar or pubmed
400
JFK expert James Fetzer PhD believes Kennedy was shot by five gunmen. Therefore, Kennedy was probably shot by five gunmen.
What is an improper appeal to authority
400
Selectively presenting evidence to establish some claim is true, while omitting contradictory evidence.
What is cherrypicking
400
A basic law of toxicology
What is "the dose makes the poison"
400
A risk involved in debunking a highly emotional person's false beliefs
What is the backfire effect
500
The strongest form of scientific evidence (type of study)
What is a meta-analysis or systematic review
500
A debating tactic that involves overwhelming an opponent with factoids and claims (shotgun approach)
What is a proof by verbosity
500
The mainstream psychological explanation for the alien abductee phenomenon
What is the false memory hypothesis
500
The leading hypothesis among cancer researchers for the rise in cancer rates over time.