Differential Association / Learning Theories
The main idea of learning theories is that criminal behaviors are ________.
Learned
Empirical evidence (supports / opposes) Labeling Theory.
Supports
The original definition of rape was specific to this gender
Female
These two people ______ & ________ created this theory.
Sampson and Laub
The Routine Activities Theory says crime occurs only when a __________, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian are present at the same time.
Motivated Offender
Sutherland introduced this many ____ key points of differential association.
9
There is data to support Robert Agnew's _______ ________ theory. (two words)
General Strain
In the year of _____ the FBI changed the definition of Rape
2013
Sampson and Laub were students of ________.
Travis Hirschi
A home with expensive fences, a clean yard, and no cars in the driveway would be considered a ________ according to Routine Activity Theory?
Suitable Target
The process of learning criminal behavior is (the same as / different than) learning any other form of behavior.
The same
Empirical evidence (supports / does not support) Robert Merton's Anomie and Strain Theory.
Does not support
The revised definition of rape was introduced in this ______ data source.
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
This theory bridges self control and _______ theories.
Social bond
This type of household pet was sometimes enough to deter the interviewee from attempting a burglary.
Aggressive Dog
The first 3 key points of Differential Association can be summed up in this sentence:
Criminal behavior is learned through __________ with people we are close to.
Interaction
There is empirical evidence that supports that there is a strong relationship between crime / deviance and _______ attitudes.
Anti-social
The crime trend of rape (increased / decreased) after the revised definition was released.
Increased
According to this theory, individuals use techniques of ________ to justify committing crimes.
Neutralization
Visible alarm boxes, glass-break sensors, and loud safety windows all acted as forms of _____________, discouraging the interviewee from entering.
Capable Guardianship
Sutherland believed that exposure to criminal culture, or ____________, is the main reason to commit crime.
Differential Association
According to the meta-analysis on existing empirical studies regarding Gottfredson and Hirschi's "General Theory of Crime", they found that low self control is an important predictor of ________.
Crime
The FBI changed the definition of Rape and the biggest change that was made was that this term __________ was removed from the definition
Forcible
According to Sampson and Laub believed that self-control and social bond theories were _________ on their own.
Incomplete
According to Routine Activities Theory, this factor _________, rather than offender motivation, is the main focus.
Opportunity