Text Sections/Features
A picture taken with a camera that reflects actual objects, settings, or events, and is usually related to the topic of the text.
What is photographs?
An appeal based on logic or reason.
What is Logos?
A coherent series of reasons, statements, or facts intended to support or establish a point of view.
What is an argument?
A general statement or conclusion that is made without sufficient evidence. The problem is that these arguments do not hold up due to a lack of supporting evidence.
What is Hasty Generalization?
The meaning of the Latin root: Aqua.
What is water?
A visual representation of date or a visual depiction of information.
What is Charts/Graphs?
An appeal based on emotions.
What is Pathos?
What is deductive reasoning?
Irrelevant information is presented alongside relevant information, distracting the attention of the listeners. The problem is that there will be unimportant facts, ideas, or events present in the argument that takes away from the main argument.
What is Red Herring?
The meaning of the Latin root: Form.
What is shape?
A note of reference, explanation, or comment printed at the bottom of a page of text.
What is footnote?
An appeal based on credibility of the author/speaker/arguer.
What is Ethos?
The initial premise it not true so this type of conclusion is unreliable. (Example - "All men with gray hair are grandfathers." -This is untrue)
What is deductive reasoning?
An attack on someone's character rather than the logic or content of the argument. The problem is that this weakens the argument because it seems like the speaker doesn't understand the argument since they are attacking their opponent rather than the topic.
What is Ad Hominem?
The meaning of the Latin root: Multi.
What is many?
A text structure that shows when something happens to result in something else to happen.
What is cause and effect?
The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of closely connected words. (Example - Sally sells seashells by the seashore).
What is alliteration?
Begins with a specific observation and draws a more broad, generalized conclusion to reach a claim. "Observation of X (past), therefore Y (for the future)"
What is inductive reasoning?
When one argues without providing adequate evidence, that a relatively insignificant event or course of action will lead to a chain of consequences, eventually resulting in some significant outcome. The problem is that the arguer attempts to arouse fear in the listeners.
What is Slippery Slope?
The meaning of the Greek root: graph
What is writing?
What is chronological?
A reference to another work of literature, person, or event; often times to the bible or mythology. (Example - "We got a new Einstein in school today." - referencing to Albert Einstein because he was a genius).
What is allusion?
Type of reasoning that occurs often in real life situations, however, it is less likely to be used in formal arguments like speeches or research papers. (Example - A person comes home to torn-up papers on the floor > the dog been alone all day > the person concludes that the dog tore up the papers).
What is abductive reasoning?
A logical fallacy where something is believed to be true simply because a large number of people believe it. The problem is that logic and truth have nothing to do with people's opinions.
What is Ad Populum?
What is fear?