Scientific Method
All of the following are goals of the scientific method EXCEPT
-impose one's personal opinions on others.
-evaluate the effectiveness of policies and programs.
-describe a certain behavior or event.
-explain the underlying causes of a behavior.
impose one's personal opinions on others
What is the term?
Being capable of being proven wrong; that is, having the capacity to be empirically tested and not supported
falsifiable
Define Peer Review
For which type of report is peer review necessary?
A process in which a journal editor sends a submitted article to two or three experts who judge whether the paper should be accepted, revised and resubmitted, or rejected; the experts also provide comments to explain their decision and guide any revisions
Journal articles
You would find a table depicting the statistical support for your hypothesis in which part of the paper?
BONUS: For an extra 50 points - Where would you find the explanation of your these results.
Results section
BONUS: Discussion section
Single females are more likely to binge drink than single males.
According to the above hypothesis, name the IV, DV, constant
Explain
IV: Gender
DV: binge drinking
Constant: relationship status (single)
Which research method involves asking open ended, relatively unstructured questions
intensive interviewing or in-depth interviewing
According to your textbook, when the conclusions based on a sample of the population holds true for that population, the sample is said to have:
sample generalizability
According to the textbook, approaches to research that record variation in social life that vary in amount are called
quantitative methods
Name 3 things that belong in a Method Section
analyses, procedures, sample/participant information, study design, ethics
All of the following are MYTHS in the CJ system except
-in general, residents of large cities think their police are doing a poor job
-the insanity defense is rarely used successfully
-females and the elderly are the most likely to be victimized
-victims of crime seldom know or recognize their offenders
The insanity defense is rarely used successfully.
The so-called "CSI effect" where people think that crimes are solved quickly and that physical evidence exists for all crimes represents an example of:
-fake news
-common sense
-media distortion
-forensic intuition
media distortion
Which of the following is NOT an element of Hirschi's Social Bond Theory?
-attachment
-belief
-retention
-involvement
BONUS: For an extra 50 points - What is the 4th element not listed
-retention
Bonus: commitment
Name 1 of the 5 guidelines for ethical reporting, described in the chapter?
Provide honest account of research
Maintain full record of the research project
Avoid lying with statistics to mislead
Acknowledge sponsors of the research
Discuss the order of authorship in advance.
An articles whose main purpose is to present a critical summary of existing studies is called...
a review article
The following statement is best represented by which theory?
Individuals whose parents drink heavily are more likely to binge drink.
Social Learning Theory
Why?
In your own words: Define "tradition" as an alternative to social research
a widely held belief that something is true
Example:
Megan was born and raised in CT.
She was hit by a distracted driver in New York.
Now she believes that all New York drivers are reckless.
This error in observation is best characterized by...
overgeneralization
Why?
Explain Participatory Action Research in your own words
the researcher including some organizational members as active participants throughout the process of studying an organization; the goal is to make changes in the organization or community
You would find a table depicting the statistical support for your hypothesis in which part of the paper?
results section
The direction of the research circle that begins with a theory, develops a hypothesis, then collects data to test a hypothesis is called...
deductive research
Inductive research - starts with data/observations, then induce a theory or conclusion
Ex: spiders have 8 legs, a tarantula has 8 legs, a tarantula is a spider
Name 2 of the 4 flaws, identified in the chapter, with sources of knowledge alternate to research
BONUS: For an additional 50 points - explain what they mean
-overgeneralization
-selective observation
-inaccurate observation
-illogical reasoning
What are the three criteria for evaluating good social research?
In other words if you were beginning your own research project, and want to know if it is worthwhile, what criteria would you consider?
feasibility
social importance
scientific relevance
What do each mean?
All of the following are true statements based on Gray and Brown's (2009) study comparing criminal justice majors to non majors in regard to drinking and drug use EXCEPT?
-They sampled students from a mid sized university in the Midwest
-The asked students about their frequency of drinking and drug use in the past 30 days.
-They found that CJ majors refrained altogether from using marijuana or other drugs.
-They found that the majority of students had participated in binge drinking.
They found that CJ majors refrained altogether from using marijuana or other drugs.
What type of article does the following:
-Traces the development of a theory
-Draw on literature to support theory
-Present new propositions
BONUS: For and additional 50 points: What are the other 2 types of articles we reviewed - what do they do?
Theoretical Article
Bonus: empirical articles, review articles
Describe the main functions of "theory" in relation to research
HINT: What does a Theory do? Why are they helpful?
It is a framework that organizes knowledge and guides research.