Consensus v Conflict
According to the Consensus Theory of Justice, why are laws created?
Because people generally agree on shared values
This model would MOST likely support giving police more authority to search and seize without a warrant?
Crime Control Model
This is the main idea of the “Three Strikes” law?
Anyone who commits three or more serious/violent felonies receives a long prison sentence, often 25 years to life
This is the FIRST step in the criminal justice process after a crime has been committed
Investigation
Kalief Browder’s case became a national example of problems in the justice system because
He spent years in jail without trial after being accused of stealing a backpack
Which philosopher is most closely connected to the Consensus Theory?
John Locke
This model would emphasize that it is better to let some guilty people go free than to wrongly convict an innocent person?
Due Process Model
This is a major criticism of the Three Strikes law.
It can result in extremely harsh sentences for minor third offenses
This happens during the booking stage?
Suspect’s personal information is recorded and fingerprints/photographs are taken
What major issue did Kalief Browder’s case highlight about the criminal justice system?
Problems with plea bargaining and lengthy pretrial detention
The Conflict Theory of Justice believes that laws are created mainly to:
Protect the power and interests of dominant groups
The Crime Control Model sees the justice system as operating like:
Assembly Line
In criminal justice, “discretion” refers to
A professional’s ability to choose how to handle a situation based on judgment
At which stage is a defendant formally told of the charges and asked to enter a plea
Arraignment
In the Wedding Cake Model of Justice, which types of cases make up the largest layer at the bottom of the cake?
Misdemeanors and less serious offenses
This is an example of Consensus Theory in action
Laws against murder, since most people agree it’s harmful
Which value is MOST important in the Due Process Model?
a) Speed
b) Efficiency
c) Reliability and fairness
d) Harsh punishment
Reliability and Fairness
Which of the following is the BEST example of discretion?
a) A legislature passing a new law
b) A police officer deciding to give a warning instead of a ticket
c) A jury delivering a guilty verdict
d) A judge following a mandatory minimum sentencing law with no flexibility
b) A police officer deciding to give a warning instead of a ticket
Which of the following is the correct order of events in the criminal justice process?
a) Arrest → Trial → Booking → Sentencing
b) Investigation → Arrest → Booking → Initial Appearance → Trial
c) Booking → Arrest → Corrections → Trial
d) Sentencing → Investigation → Arraignment
b) Investigation → Arrest → Booking → Initial Appearance → Trial
Which layer of the Wedding Cake Model includes serious felonies that are violent crimes but not necessarily high-profile?
Second layer
Which BEST describes the difference between the two theories?
Consensus = shared values; Conflict = power struggles
Under the Due Process Model, the focus is on:
Whether the legal process was fair and constitutional (legal guilt)
In 2012, California voters changed the Three Strikes law so that
Only violent or serious third offenses could result in a life sentence
this is the role of the corrections system in the criminal justice process?
To enforce sentences such as prison, probation, or parole
Which statement best describes the legal status of marijuana in today’s America?
Marijuana remains illegal under federal law, but many states have legalized it for medical or recreational use