Two necessary variables required to see whether or not a relationship exists
What is Nominal or Ordinal Variables
100
This test allows one to propose a hypothesis of the relationship or association between two variables
What is a Cross-tabulation
100
the four confidence levels are 90%(.10),99%(.01),99.9%(.001) and ?
What is 95% or .05
100
There are two types of measures of association
What is
Type A (NOMINAL)
Type B (ORDINAL)
100
The Variable that gets inserted in the Column Variable to the Row Variable
What is
Independent (IV) to Column and Dependent (DV) to Row
200
When studying associations what else is being evaluated between two variables
What is relationships
200
When looking at the characteristics of a bivariate association we are looking for three things
What is
Statistical Significance
Strength (how Strong is It)
Pattern and / or direction of the association
200
This probability of error of being wrong or inaccurate is called
What is ALPHA
200
These range from values between -1 (perfect negative association) and 1 (perfect positive association); 0 (no association). Gamma, Yules Q, Somer’s d, Tau-b are the measures of association under this category.
What is Ordinal
200
These are the boxes to be checked off on SPSS after Analyze, Descriptive, Crosstab and clicked on Statistics
What is
Chi-square and Cramer's V (Nominal) or Gamma (Ordinal)
300
There are three things a researcher needs to examine in order to establish 'Cause and Effect'
What is
1)Temporal Order Between the IV and DV
2)Association Between the Variables
3)The elimination of Alternatives
300
The diagram used to express Cause and Effect
What is an Arrow Diagram
300
When the calculated chi-square value has a probability less than an alpha value of .05 (p <.05.)= ?
What is Reject the Ho (Null)
300
These range from values between 0 (no association) and 1 (perfect association). Phi, Contingency Coefficient C, Cramer’s V, Lambda are the measures of association under this category. Cramer’s V is the most commonly reported and used measure
What is Nominal
300
The graph normally used following a frequency analysis
What is a Bar Graph
400
The test used to identify association
What is The Chi-square test
400
the lettered Acronym's used to identify the Null and Alternative Hypothesis
What is
Ho - Null
Ha - Alternate
400
When the calculated chi-square value has a probability greater than an alpha value of .05 (p >.05.)= ?
What is Fail to Reject The Ho (NULL)
400
Strength/Direction of this relationship or association:
Symmetric Measures Value Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi -.193 .000
What is a Negative Weak Relationship
400
The measures of Central Tendency that are checked off when do a frequency analysis with 1)Nominal Variables and 2)Ordinal Variables
What is
1)Mode for Nominal
2)Median for Ordinal
500
The original relationship did not change between the IV and DV after controlling with a specific variable
What is a Replication Pattern
500
There is no relationship or no statistical dependence between the IV and DV. Only statistical independence.
What is The (Ho) Null Hypothesis
500
In order for researchers to move on to further statistical techniques this needs to occur and present its self
What is a significant outcome must be found in the zero-order cross tabulation
500
The process used to collapsing categories and increasing cell counts