Coastal Development & Pressures
Rising sea levels and increased storm intensity are linked to this global environmental issue.
What is climate change?
The main types of coastal erosion are hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and this.
What is solution (or corrosion)?
The two main approaches to coastal management are these.
What are hard engineering and soft engineering?
Stacks, caves, and arches are formed due to the erosion of these coastal features.
What are headlands?
Name a coastal area facing extreme tourism pressure.
What is Barcelona, the Maldives, or Phuket?
Name one environmental impact of increased tourism in coastal areas.
What is habitat destruction, pollution, or beach erosion?
Sediment is moved along the coastline in a zigzag pattern due to this process.
What is longshore drift?
This soft engineering technique involves adding sand to beaches to counteract erosion.
What is beach nourishment?
Name one major risk for low-lying coastal areas due to climate change.
What is sea-level rise or increased storm surges?
Give one economic reason why many people migrate to coastal cities.
What is job opportunities in ports, tourism, or fishing?
Coastal squeeze occurs when rising sea levels push habitats inland, but they cannot move due to this.
What is human infrastructure (e.g., sea walls, buildings)?
Describe two differences between constructive and destructive waves.
What is constructive waves deposit material with a strong swash and low frequency, while destructive waves erode with a strong backwash and high frequency?
Name one advantage and one disadvantage of using groynes to manage sediment movement.
What is advantage: prevents beach erosion; disadvantage: disrupts longshore drift, causing erosion elsewhere?
A spit is formed due to this type of coastal transport.
What is longshore drift?
The Sundarbans in Bangladesh face coastal threats. Name one hazard affecting this region.
What is sea-level rise, cyclones, or saltwater intrusion?
Explain how rapid urbanisation along coastlines increases coastal risk.
What is increased pressure on resources, more impermeable surfaces causing flooding, or destruction of natural barriers like mangroves?
This process occurs when dissolved material is carried away by seawater.
What is solution (or corrosion)?
Explain the difference between hold-the-line and managed retreat strategies.
What is hold-the-line involves building defences to keep the coastline in place, while managed retreat allows flooding in controlled areas?
Explain how sea-level rise can lead to increased coastal flooding.
What is higher sea levels push water further inland, increasing the frequency and severity of floods?
Explain why coastal megacities are especially vulnerable to climate change.
What is high population density, reliance on coastal infrastructure, and exposure to sea-level rise?
Give two reasons why managing coastal development is challenging.
What is conflicts between economic, environmental, and social interests, or the high cost of coastal management?
Explain how wave refraction influences the erosion of headlands and bays.
What is wave energy is concentrated on headlands, causing erosion, while bays receive lower energy, leading to deposition?
Why is an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) approach often recommended for sustainable coastal management?
What is it balances environmental, social, and economic factors and involves multiple stakeholders?
Describe how a tombolo forms.
What is a spit extends from the coast and connects to an island due to longshore drift and deposition?
Name two strategies used in a case study area to manage coastal pressures sustainably.
What are managed retreat in the Netherlands, beach nourishment in Miami, or mangrove replanting in Bangladesh?