Crusades
What was the most organized and successful Crusade?
The 1st
Albigensianism was a form of what heresy?
Gnosticism
Which pope calls the First Crusade?
Bl. Urban II
What word comes from the Latin word for cross?
Crusade
What was the military order that was gifted the island of Malta?
Knights Hospitalers
Describe some of the criteria for a Just War
It must be the last resort
It must be in defense of a grave attack
It must outweigh the injustices dealt
The Inquisition was started to rid Europe of Medieval heresies. What were heresies a threat to?
Medieval heresies were real threats to the social order and not just to Church teachings
Which famous saint joined the Fifth Crusade to convert the sultan, Al-Malik al-Kamil?
What is the remission of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven?
Indulgence
Which military order were important forerunners in banking?
Knights Templar
Why was there no help from the kings of Europe for the First Crusade?
Most of the kings were either in a state of excommunication or were in opposition to the papacy at the time.
Whose punishments were worse during the Inquisition, the Church or the secular government?
Secular governments
Who is credited with the origins of Just War Theory?
St. Augustine
Latin for “good men,” these groups of 30+ highly respected and independent men, both laymen and priests, were summoned during the Inquisition to give verdict on cases and decide punishment.
Boni viri
What were some of the benefits offered to those who participated in the Crusades?
Indulgences
Tax reductions
Dissolution of debt
Where did the Albigensian/Cathar Crusade take place?
Southern France
What were some beliefs of the Albigensians?
Belief in 2 gods
Rejection of feudal government
Refusal to abide by oaths or allegiances
Forbade marriage and propagation of the human race
Who preached trying to convince low class men to join the second crusade and wrote the knights reading?
St. Bernard of Clairvaux
What was a month-long period during which anyone could appear before the inquisitor, confess their sins, and perform penance?
Term of grace
What were the three class distinctions in post-Carolingian Europe?
Clergy, nobility, peasantry
What did Pope Innocent III do when he found out that the Fourth Crusade had attacked and sacked Constantinople?
He condemned the action and excommunicated the Crusade
Describe the Spanish Inquisition versus other Inquisitions.
It was crueler, more political, lasted longer.
Which famous saint began a movement of preachers, who ultimately are the most effective at converting the Cathars?
St. Dominic de Guzmán
endura is the name of what Cathar practice?
When Cathars would kill themselves in a practice of extreme fasting and asceticism
Why did Pope Innocent III call for a crusade against the Albigensians?
Albigensians killed a papal legate