Processes
A state where a process is utilizing the CPU
What is running?
A scheduling algorithm that prevents starvation
In the dining philosophers problem, forcing each philosopher to pick up the left fork and then the right fork (with no mutex) causes this condition.
What is deadlock?
The name of equally sized pieces of physical memory
What is a page frame?
The start of a typical shell script, indicating which shell should be used by the operating system.
What is #! or #!/bin/bash?
The parts of the Process Control Block saved when a process is moved from the CPU
What are the CPU registers?
When a process state is saved and the process is removed from the CPU
What is a context switch
In the readers, writers problem allowing all readers to "cut the line" in front of waiting writers can lead to this condition.
What is starvation?
A concept where pieces of a process are only loaded from virtual memory when they are required by the loader
What is demand paging
The two methods of determining when a device driver is ready for CPU operations
A process's state when waiting for Input or Output?
What is the Blocked state?
An amount of time allocated to a process before the schedule must decide to keep the same process or load a new process
What is a quantum?
Mutex are designed to protect this code.
What is the critical section?
A method of transferring data from a device to physical memory without utilizing the CPU
What is Direct Memory Access (DMA)?
A method of detecting deadlocks in a resource allocation graph.
What is the graph reduction algorithm?
The operating system component that transitions a program to a process
What is the loader?
A structure containing information about a system resource.
What is a Resource Control Block?
In the Dining Philosophers problem, this condition is not met when a philosopher must pick up the left and right fork before releasing the mutex.
What is concurrency?
A C function that returns a pointer to memory on the heap
What is malloc()?
A method of separating logical process parts in virtual and physical memory
What is segmentation?
The value returned from the fork() function to the parent process.
What is the child process ID?
An operating system concept that creates the illusion of multiple process running simultaneously, even though, only one process can run on the CPU at a time.
What is time-sharing?
A function or series of functions using synchronization privatives to ensure synchronization and mutual exclusion of critical section code.
What is a monitor?
A data structure for tracking files in use by a process
What is an Open File Table?
A security theory to limit the risk of unauthorized users accessing critical sections of the operating system
What is the theory of least privilege?