Processes
A state where a process is utilizing the CPU
What is running?
This CPU scheduling algorithm prevents starvation
What is First In, First Out or What is Round Robin?
In the dining philosophers problem, forcing each philosopher to pick up the left fork and then the right fork (with no mutex) causes this condition.
What is deadlock?
The name of equally sized pieces of physical memory
What is a page frame? / What is a frame?
The start of a typical shell script, indicating which shell should be used by the OS to run the script.
What is #! or #!/bin/bash?
The parts of the Process Control Block that are only updated when a process is removed from the CPU
What are the CPU registers?
During this transfer of control from one process to another, process state is saved and the process is removed from the CPU
What is a context switch
In the readers, writers problem allowing all readers to "cut the line" in front of waiting writers can lead to this condition.
What is starvation?
A concept where pieces of a process are only loaded from virtual memory when they are required at runtime
What is demand paging
These are two different methods for determining when I/O is complete / when a device is ready for the next instruction
What is polling and interrupts?
A process's state when waiting for I/O
What is the Blocked state?
In an interactive process scheduling environment, this describes the amount of time during which a process is allowed to use the CPU before being replaced with another process
What is a quantum?
We use mutexes to protect this
What is the critical section?
A method of transferring data from a device to physical memory without utilizing the CPU
What is Direct Memory Access (DMA)?
A method of detecting deadlocks in a resource allocation graph.
What is the graph reduction algorithm? / What is graph reduction?
This operating system component transitions a program to a process
What is the loader?
This data structure contains information about a system resource
What is a Resource Control Block?
The act of multiple processes or threads executing at the same time; some deadlock-preventing solutions to the Dining Philosophers problem fail to guarantee this
What is concurrency?
This C function reserves memory on the heap and returns a pointer to that memory
What is malloc()?
This method provides multiple logical address spaces for each process, allowing each space to be a different size
What is segmentation?
The value returned from the fork() function to the parent process.
What is the child process ID?
An operating system concept that creates the illusion of multiple processes running simultaneously on a single CPU
What is time-sharing or what is multitasking?
a high-level synchronization primitive that encapsulates functions and guarantees mutual exclusion of these functions' execution
What is a monitor?
This data structure tracks all files currently in use to facilitate efficient access to and manipulation of the files
What is an Open File Table?
The three categories of rwx permissions as seen in ls -l
What is User, Group, Other?