System fundamentals
The part of the computer that carries out instructions and processes data.
CPU
The part of the computer that carries out instructions and processes data.
Ram
A network that covers a small geographical area like a school or office.
LAN
A finite sequence of steps used to solve a problem.
Algorithm
The method where each process gets a small slice of CPU time in turn.
Round Robin Scheduling
The method where each process gets a small slice of CPU time in turn.
Binary
The register that stores the address of the next instruction to be executed.
Program counter
The protocol used to transfer web pages.
HTTP
An algorithm that checks items one by one until the target is found.
Linear Search
A situation where two or more processes are stuck waiting for each other forever.
A logic gate that outputs 1 only when both inputs are 1.
And gate
The component responsible for controlling and coordinating all CPU operations.
Control Unit
A protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network.
The efficiency of linear search in worst case
O(n)
The process that occurs when RAM is full and the operating system moves pages between main memory and secondary storage to free up space.
Paging
The translator that converts high-level language into machine code line by line during execution.
Interpreter
The bus that carries actual data between the CPU, memory, and other components.
Data bus
The protocol that ensures reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between devices.
TCP
A sorting algorithm that selects a pivot element and partitions the array into elements less than and greater than the pivot, then recursively sorts the subarrays.
Quick sort
A large, powerful computer system designed to process and manage vast amounts of data for multiple users simultaneously.
Main frame
A computer uses 8-bit two’s complement to store integers. The binary number is 11110110.
-10
A CPU has a 16-bit address bus and 8-bit data bus.
Calculate:
65,536 addresses and 65,536 bytes (64 KB)
A file of 5 MB is transferred over a network with a bandwidth of 10 Mbps. Assuming no overhead, calculate the minimum transfer time.
4 seconds
An array of 8 elements is sorted using binary search.
What is the maximum number of comparisons required?
3 comparisons
A situation in which the operating system spends most of its time swapping pages between RAM and secondary storage instead of executing processes, due to excessive page faults.
Thrashing