The Brain
This cortex of the brain is responsible for processing sound information.
What is the primary auditory cortex?
This is the definition of aphasia.
What is an acquired language disorder?
List 2 things that could be impaired in cognitive impairment.
What are memory, attention, planning, organization, decision-making, reasoning, managing impulses, initiation? (any 2)
Name 3 types of normal dysfluencies.
interjections, whole word repetitions, phrase repetitions, revisions, pauses (without tension)
Name the 3 aspects that are impacted by a voice disorder.
quality, pitch, and loudness
This sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. It also separates two primary cortices responsible for sensation and movement.
What is the Central Sulcus?
What is the primary cause of aphasia?
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke
This is a hallmark feature of right hemisphere damage.
Neglect (left hemineglect)
Name 2 types of speech that suggest the presence of stuttering or stutter-like speech.
Explain how the diagnosis of a voice disorder differs from other communication disorders.
A voice disorder is present when an individual expresses concern about having an abnormal voice that does not meet daily needs—even if others do not perceive it as different or deviant.
These 2 gyri are very important for phonological processing, reading comprehension, and calculation. Ultimately, they are really important for reading and writing.
Supramarginal and Angular Gyri
This is a fluent aphasia with deficits in comprehension and repetition tasks. Speech production can sound like "word salad".
What is a Wernicke's aphasia?
Dementias and PPA have this in common.
They are all progressive disorders.
Explain what causes stuttering.
Stuttering is a neurological condition.
List 3 anatomical structures involved with resonance.
Anatomical structures: nasal cavity, nasopharynx, velopharyngeal mechanism (soft palate + pharynx), oral pharynx
Double Jeopardy: What are the two primary cortices separated by the Central Sulcus?
For Double Jeopardy: In what lobes of the brain are these located?
Primary Motor Cortex - Frontal Lobe
Primary Sensory Cortex - Parietal
This is a nonfluent aphasia where repetition tasks and comprehension are intact.
What is transcortical motor aphasia?
Explain why right hemisphere damage might look different from an aphasia.
Right hemisphere damage leads to less obvious communication deficits than aphasia. Reading, writing, and speaking may be intact. Deficits in pragmatics, attention, and processing are more likely and less obvious than deficits in fluency, comprehension, and/or repetition.
Name 2 treatment approaches for stuttering.
Indirect
Fluency Shaping Approach
Stuttering Modification Approach
Name 2 tools used to assess voice disorders.
Instrumental tools - endoscopy and stroboscopy
Auditory Perceptual tools - Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V)
Quality of Life - Voice Handicap Index
How many cranial nerves and how many spinal nerves are there?
12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Assessment of aphasia includes an examination of these 3 things.
comprehension, repetition, and fluency
Name a main difference in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment vs. Alzheimer's Dementia.
Someone with mild cognitive impairment would need support to remain relatively independent whereas a person with Alzheimer's Dementia may need assistance with activities of daily living.
Double Jeopardy: Name a tool used to assess stuttering.
Give the name of a second tool and state whether it measures stuttering or quality of life.
Stuttering Severity Instrument 4th Edition (SSI-4) - quantitative
Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES) - quality of life
KiddyCat (Communication Attitude Test for Preschool and Kindergarten Children) - quality of life
What is unilateral vocal fold paralysis?