Anatomy of Swallowing
Which laryngeal muscles elevate the larynx during swallowing?
Suprahyoid muscles (digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid)
What muscles are primarily responsible for phonation?
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles.
What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?
Contracts to expand lungs for inhalation.
What is the role of a Passy-Muir Valve?
Redirects airflow through vocal folds to allow speech in tracheostomy patients.
What is the role of the thyroid notch?
Landmark for laryngeal anatomy, marker for aspiration
What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?
Keeps food/liquid away from the airway and protects the airway
Which intrinsic laryngeal muscles abduct the vocal folds?
Posterior cricoarytenoid.
What are accessory muscles for breathing?
Muscles that assist respiration.
Inhalation:
1)Costal Elevators
2)Serratus Posterior Superior
3)Pectoralis Major
4)Pectoralis Minor
5)Subclavius
6)Serratus Anterior
7)Sternocleidomastoid
8)Scalenes
Exhalation:
1)Subcostals
2)Internal Intercostals
3)Transverse Thoracic
4)Serratus Posterior Inferior
5)Quadratus Lumborum
Why are the vallecula and pyriform sinuses clinically important?
Sites where residue can accumulate → aspiration risk.
What are the three types of vocal attacks (onsets)?
Glottal, breathy, simultaneous.
What is the function of the vallecula?
Temporary space that holds the bolus before swallowing
Which intrinsic laryngeal muscles adduct the vocal folds?
Lateral cricoarytenoid, interarytenoids.
How does quiet breathing differ from speech breathing?
Quiet breathing is passive and equal inhale/exhale; speech breathing uses quick inhale and controlled exhale.
What is a glottal attack?
Vocal folds close tightly before airflow (hard onset).
What collects in the pyriform sinuses?
Residue from swallowed material.
Which muscles control pitch and how?
Cricothyroid lengthens/tenses (higher pitch); thyroarytenoid shortens/relaxes (lower pitch).
What is the pressure-volume relationship for airflow in speech?
Increased lung volume = increased pressure = greater airflow for speech.
What is the function of the hyoid bone?
Anchors tongue and laryngeal muscles; aids swallowing and speech.
What is the function of the thyromuscularis?
Shortens and relaxes vocal folds (lowers pitch).
How does Newton's Third Law of Motion relate to inhalation?
Expansion of thorax creates negative pressure, drawing air into lungs.