Brain Anatomy & Cranial Nerves
This motor cranial nerve is responsible for the movement of the tongue.
What is the Hypoglossal nerve?
This specific type of language impairment is associated with frontotemporal dementia.
What is Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)?
In an acceleration-deceleration injury, this term refers to damage occurring on the side of the brain opposite to the initial point of impact.
What is Contrecoup?
This condition involves being unable to recognize that a deficit exists or denying its existence despite evidence.
What is Anosognosia?
This subcortical dementia is a progressive terminal illness marked by distinctive, involuntary, and erratic body movements known as chorea.
What is Huntington’s Disease?
The sensory branch of this cranial nerve provides somatic sensation from the face, lips, and jaw.
What is the Trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
In this type of aphasia, auditory comprehension is relatively intact, but verbal expression is significantly impaired along with repetition.
What is Broca’s Aphasia?
This state of consciousness following a coma is characterized by fragments of meaningful interaction and reflexive motor responses becoming purposeful.
What is the Minimally Conscious State?
This visuospatial deficit is characterized by an inability to attend to sensory information from one side of the environment.
What is Hemispatial Neglect?
This "mini-stroke" is a small ischemia that resolves within 24 hours and may serve as a warning sign for a major stroke.
What is a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?
Located as the first gyrus of the parietal lobe, this "strip" receives tactile and proprioceptive information from the body.
What is the Sensory Strip (Postcentral Gyrus)?
Often described as having "empty speech," patients with this fluent aphasia have significant receptive deficits and may display nonstop output called logorrhea.
What is Wernicke’s Aphasia?
During the neurometabolic cascade of a concussion, this final stage occurs when the brain suffers from a dangerous lack of glucose needed to operate.
What is Glucose Hypometabolism?
This deficit involves the inability to recognize familiar faces, even though the brain can still recognize other objects.
What is prosopagnosia?
Unlike Alzheimer's, this type of dementia often has a sudden onset and follows a "stepwise" progression of degeneration.
What is Vascular Dementia?
This fatty substance covers the axons of neurons, providing insulation for fast electrical conduction.
What is myelin?
This zeroing-in behavior, common in conduction aphasia, involves the patient making repeated self-repair attempts.
What is Conduit d’approche?
This complex trauma involves causes like barotrauma, bomb fragments, physical displacement, and burns often experienced by military personnel.
What is Poly-trauma?
Patients with Right Hemisphere Disorder often have deficits in this area, which includes the ability to interpret pitch, stress, and intonation to understand emotional intent.
What is prosody?
This secondary mechanism of TBI damage occurs when the brain is unable to reabsorb old cerebrospinal fluid while still producing fresh fluid.
What is Traumatic Hydrocephalus?
Known as the "little brain," this structure acts as an error control device to monitor motor plans and ensure movements are coordinated.
What is the Cerebellum?
This unintentional error involves substituting one word for another that is similar or related in meaning, such as saying "glass" for "cup."
What is a semantic paraphasia?
On the Rancho Los Amigos Scale, a patient who follows a set schedule, can complete ADLs, but requires supervision due to compromised judgment is at this level.
What is Level 7 (Automatic-Appropriate)?
This neuropsychiatric delusion involves the belief that loved ones or family members have been replaced by identical-looking imposters.
What is the Capgras Delusion?
These are the three hallmark microscopic signs of Alzheimer’s Disease found in the neurons of the hippocampus.
What is Tangles/Plaques/GVA?